Husain Haddawy’s The Arabian Nights and Zora Neale Hurston’s Mules and

Husain Haddawys The Arabian Nights and Zora Neale Hurstons Mules and Men - Revealing the Conflicts, Desires and Dreams of the CollectorFor the translator, who substructures astride two market-gardenings, possesses two varied sensibilities, and assumes a double identity Husain Haddawy Magic, love, sex, war, gods, spells. These are all common ingredients in the folktales of almost every culture. Many people say that folktales are windows to cultures. That aptitude be so. Often readers do not realize, though, that folktales also reflect aspects of the collectors. Zora Neale Hurstons Mules and Men and Husain Haddawys The Arabian Nights, in addition to offering sharpness into southern African-American culture and Arabic culture, reveal the collectors to the audience the collectors desire to reconcile with their past, to be accepted by their reader as legitimate representatives of that culture whether by being an insider or both insider and outsider to the culture, and to be heroic cultural interpreters with the goal of educating and informing the reader. There are many reasons and motivations behind Hurstons compilation of African-American folktales, but one that is often overlooked is her personal need to reconcile her intellectual, White, Barnard-educated life with her traditional roots in Eatonville, Florida. In her foot Hurston writesFrom the earliest rocking of my cradle, I had known about the capers Brer Rabbit is apt to cut and what the Squinch Owl says from the house top. But it was fitting me like a wet chemise. I couldnt see it for wearing it. It was only when I was off in college, away from my native surroundings, that I could see myself like somebody else and stand off and look at my garment. Then ... ...nd the present culture of the audience, which they intended to reach. Haddawy and Hurston sought acceptance from the reader and thus emphasized the legitimacy of their works whether by establishing themselves as an insider or as both an ins ider and outsider to their respective cultures. Moreover, by proving the superior authenticity of their works in comparison to previous works, they offer themselves as heroes,bringing forth insights of the culture of their youth to the reader. Indeed, The Arabian Nights and Mules and Men are not only collections of magical folktales They reveal the inner conflicts, desires and dreams of the translator and collector themselves. flora Cited1) Zora Neale Hurston, Mules and Men (New York Harper Perennial, 1990).2) Husain Haddawy, The Arabian Nights, trans. Husain Haddawy, ed. Muhsin Mahdi (New York Norton, 1990).

Amelia Earhart :: essays research papers

Courage is the price that life exacts for granting peace. The soul that knows it not, knows no release from little things. Knows not the vivid loneliness of fear nor mountain high gear where bitter joy can hear the sound of wings. How can life grant us boon of living, compensate for dull gray ugliness and enceinte hate, unless we dare the souls dominion? Each time we make a choice, we pay with courage to behold the restless day and count it fair." Those were the words of Amelia Earhart in a poem she wrote, entitled "Courage." Amelia Earhart knew a lot about courage. Even when faced with impossible odds, she always had the courage to try and overcome them. She had a never afford up attitude that made her so attractive to the public and took the science community by surprise. Without that attitude, she would never have been invited to make her freshman flight crossways the Atlantic ocean on June 3rd 1928. Because she had the courage to be one of the only women pilots at the time, she was invited by her future husband, George Putnam, to make the 20 hour 14 minute journey across the Atlantic. Although she was just a passenger on the flight, she was still promoted to celebrity status for being the first woman to cross the Atlantic by plane. Although her fame was preparation with her first flight, she wanted to promote aviation in women. In 1929, she organized a cross-country air race for women pilots named "the Power tie Derby." She also formed "the Ninety Nines" a now famous women pilots organization. In addition to forming organizations for women pilots, she occupied her four year break from flying with writing her first book, "20 hours, 40 minutes" on her first flight, became assistant to the general traffic manager of TWA and served as vice president for public relations of the refreshful York, Washington, and Philadelphia Airways. Amelia enjoyed public relations, but missed flying greatly during her four year sabatic al. In 1932, no one else had ever flown solo over the Atlantic since Charles Lindberg, and Amelia set out to change that. On May 20th, 1932, exactly five years after Lindbergs flight, she set off for her 2nd journey across the Atlantic. She sucessfully completed her flight, fracture several records. She was the first woman to fly the Atlantic and the only person to fly it twice.

Gonorrhea Essay -- essays research papers

GonorrheaWe chose the bacterial disease gonorrhea. We were not able to findwhen the disease was discovered or who discovered it.Gonorrhea is a bacterial disease that is an infection caused bygonoccocus bacteria. This bacteria is round shaped and can live only in dark,warm, wet places. These places would include inside your body, cervix,penis, throat, and rectum. It usually involves the urethra in males, andvagina, cervix, and fallopian tubes in females.For 2-9 days there are no symptoms of Gonorrhea. Then some dooccur. There can be frequent burring urination and thick green-yellowdischarge from the penis or vagina. Also, there may be rectal discomfortand discharge, joint pain, a mild rash, or sore throat and swollen glands. Formen, the opening of the penis may be red and sore. Symptoms of gonorrheashow up more in males than in females, in fact, about half of the women withgonorrhea have no symptoms. Effects of this disease could includegonococcal eye infection, blood poisoning, inf ectious arthritis, pelvicinflammatory disease, epididnmitis, endocarditis, sexual impotence in men,and infertility in women. Also, pregnant women can infect unborn babies.Gonorrhea can be diagnosed by tests that include blood studies. There could be laboratory cultures and microscopic analysis of the dischargefrom the reproductive organs, rectum, or throat....

World Economy :: Consumer Confidence

Matsusaka & Sbordone (1995) used pooply data from 1953 to 1988 to empirically investigate the relationship amid consumer confidence and Gross National Product in the United States. Using vector auto regressions Matsusaka ( 1995) & Afshar, Arabian, Zomorrodian (2007) examined the effect of pure confidence on GNP by implementing control variables such as the Index of leading indicators & Consumer price index respectively finding that confidence granger caused GNP for 1, 2, 3 & 4 quarter lag models. Through forecast error variance decompositions they concluded that 12%-26% & 8-23% of the variation in GNP enkindle be attributed to consumer confidence. The slight variations in the decompositions can b accounted for by variable orderings and differing time periods. Similarly Utaka (2003) applied the same methodology used by Matsusaka & Sbordone(1995) to empirically investigate this relationship in the font of Japan. By using not only quarterly data, but monthly and semi annual data from 1980q1- 2000q3 they reconfirmed the consumer confidence- GDP relationship for Japan and found that it accounted for 9%-11% of variation in GNP. This showed smaller variation for Japan illustrating that confidence indicators influence on GDP movements are country dependent making it unwise to imitate uniform relationship strength across countries. Golinelli & Parigi (2004) investigated this matter by analysing the consumer confidence relationship in eight countrys from 1970-2002. They modelled the CCI-GDP relationship using a co-integrated vector auto regression using a common set of macroeconomic variables that were country specific to control for correlation being driven by other variables therefore avoiding the limits of the single equation approach found in previous literature. They tested the forecasting power by comparing the RMSE for un circumscribe and restricted models for 1, 2 & 4 steps horizons. Golinelli (2004), Mourougane & Roma (2002), Taylor & Mcnab (2007) find that RMSE was generally lower in the unrestricted model at short term horizons (1-2 steps) for EU countries, illustrating its splendour in short term forecasting. Much of previous literature has aimed at establishing whether consumer confidence indexes provide additional information in comparison to macroeconomic variables and not its forecasting power. However, these have received mixed results in most cases, yet it is acknowledged they maintained an autonomous role in forecasting, (see Mueller 1963, Adams 1964, Suits &sparks 1965, fair 1971 a & 1971b, Adams & Klein 1972). vista now acknowledges that the index can help predict economic activity (see Garner 1991, Fuhrer 1993 Carol et al 1994, Kumar et al 1995, Bran & Ludvigson 1998, Eppright et al 1998)

Asthma Essay -- essays research papers

Asthma is a condition of the bronchial tubes characterized by episodes of constriction and increased mucous production. A person with asthma has bronchial tubes that argon super sensitive to various stimuli, or triggers, that can produce asthma symptom.In other words, asthmatics have special sensitivity that causes their lung tissue to react further more than is should to various stimulating factors or triggers. For this reason, people with asthma are said to have "twitchy airways."Some symptoms that people with asthma commonly experience are chest tightenings, difficulty inhaling and exhaling, wheezing, production of large amounts of mucous in their windpipes and coughing.Coughing can be frequent or intermittent, and can be loose-reflecting extra mucous discrimination in the airways or dry and deep-reflecting tight bronchospasms. Not all these symptoms occur in every case of asthma.Sometimes people may have coughing without and symptoms for months or even years before its realized that they are asthmatic. Interestingly enough, asthma symptoms are most severe at night, while were lying down our airways set as a result of gravity changes. Also our lungs do not clear secretions as well at night, which leads to mucous retention, and that can increase the obstruction to air flow. Furthermore, at night our bodies produce smaller amounts of certain chemical that help to decrease airway spasms and keep airway tubes open. All of these factors add up to a greater chance of symp...

Protocol Review Of Telephone And Data Networks :: Networks Telecommunications

communications protocol Review of Telephone and Data Ne 2rksThe Internet protocol suite is a highly related gathering of protocols. It is also usually referred to as TCP/IP. TCP and IP were the first and primary protocols developed for internetworking. However, it is comprised of many other protocols that collaborate with each other to bring about each distinct task required for communication on and to other network components. Based on the network topology and devices that reside on the network, the protocols that go forth be discussed are IMCP, TCP, IP, UDP, DNS, FTP, HTTP, IMAP4, POP3, SIP, SMTP, SNMP, SSH, and Rlogin. These protocols are integral to Ethernet networks some are required, some optional, and some to be avoided but replaced with better solutions.The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a network layer protocol. It is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. IMCP is primarily used in reporting network errors on the network commonly seen wh en pinging or using trace routes when trouble shooting connectivity. Transport Control protocol (TCP) is the interface between the application layer and the network layer. TCP provides a reliable connect between the applications and the network. Conversely, UDP does not provide a reliable connection. It sends bundles without regards to delivery or sequence. However the advantage of UDP is that it is fast. While the total amount of UDP profession found on a typical network is often on the order of only a few percent, numerous key applications use UDP, including the knowledge domain Name System (DNS), the simple network management protocol (SNMP), the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and the Routing Information Protocol (RIP), to name just a few.3Internet Protocol (IP) is the protocol used for encapsulating the data into a packet, and then assigning a unique address of the source and the destination of the packet in the packet header. Because of the abstraction provi ded by encapsulation, IP can be used over a heterogeneous network (i.e., a network connecting two computers can be any mix of Ethernet, ATM, FDDI, Wi-fi, Token ring, etc.) and it makes no difference to the upper layer protocols.5 This is one reason why IP is widely used and accepted in the telecommunication industry. The disadvantage of IP is that it is unreliable in of itself. However combined with the reliability of TCP and the flexibility of MPLS, it makes this disadvantage a moot point.

Cooperating and Communicating Across Cultures Essay

Case Study Cooperating and Communicating Across Cultures The article Cooperation and communication between agricultures, points place the key components in this case study. In the scenario each one of the team members had their own preconceived notions of the right way they should interact with the team in order for the team to move forward. The viewpoints of the team members, in my opinion, were influenced in part by their own cultures in addition to their own somatic backgrounds.Jim upon entering the team considered himself come up prepared. He had knowledge of German culture and language, due to the fact that his wife was German and he visited Germany often, however, he was amazed at the detail in which the planning session went. Jim soon lost solitaire and interest, and the respect of his fellow team members because he was hardly paying attention anymore to the move. The German team used a three-day planning session as a way to lay the foundation for the structure of the en tire product launch.Jim never really understands the importance of the initial meetings in the process because he unes by most of what was being said. Because of this, Jim never really understands the way the team is working in that the first analyze the problem, all possible eventualities, and addressing issues, then dividing the work and go forward, with the team leader checking and controlling the outcome. The German team leader demonstrates that the team had worked together for at several years and so each k forward-looking the procedures very well but Jim clearly did not.An important organizational issue Jim exhibited is not showing respect for the Germans systems nd failing to align himself with the culture more rather than removing himself from the process and complaining. Fundamentally, Jim wanted to outline the problem, jump in, adjust and confer during the process but the Germans had different ideas, and a different culture for doing things. Each side saw the others met hod of operating as wrong, rather than as a possible new and different way to address a product launch.In the scenario concerning Klaus, Klaus had the same issues arriving in America and learning that the project would be put together as a work in progress rather than carefully thought out prior to execution of a plan. This is a cultural difference both sides experienced that could have been addressed by an introduction to work methods before Jim/Klaus started with their new team, which could have avoided the sense of frustration all on the project felt. Outlining the process and the roles each person would play would help the visitor better learn the corporate/national culture.

Mobile ESPN response questions

(1) bustling ESPNs launch into the wireless market was definitely the innovative, out-of-the-box stem that the marketing executives at ESPN are known for, and the convention behind itone more way in which to deliver up-to-the-minute sports information to sports fans anywhere, anytimewas very much on the office track. I think what Mobile ESPN suffered from the most was the fact that it was basically nothing more than a shadow service provider.Without having a wireless infrastructure of its own, Mobile ESPN found itself dependent on elan for all of the technological and logistical implementation of the product. Whatever may or may not develop been going on within Sprint internally, for Mobile ESPN to launch without any real autonomy of its own, completely dependent on its host carrier, and with no real knowledge or experience in the wireless world, Mobile ESPN was a good idea at a good time that was perhaps not thought through entirely. Also, there is a lot to be said of consumer s reluctance to switch wireless carriers due to high penalties, and many phones have Internet access which allow people to have access to ESPNs website for that same up-to-the-minute information, making it unnecessary for them to have the special phone.(2) When Mobile ESPN was launched, in order to attract a commodiouser fleck of users it would have been helpful if they had offered a great deal of incentives for switching over to the Sprint service, host of Mobile ESPN.Perhaps they could have partnered up with Sprint and offered whatsoever sort of contract buy-out option, where they would pay for the pre-existing contract termination of new subscribers (at the cost of a 2-year agreement with Sprint and an astronomical cancellation penalty, to ensure that there would not be a great deal of money lost). This is probably one of the biggest reasons why there wasnt an initial mass attraction to the product because of the rigorous rules of wireless carriers, and so to offer some incen tive to attract these people and make it worth their time and money to make that switch would be beneficial.ESPN right now just needs to focus on its various television, print, and Internet presence for people to access its branded content, and really spend a great deal of time formulating a well-thought-out strategy to re-launch Mobile ESPN, something that not only appeals to the customers who want all sports all the time but who also want a great deal with wireless service.(3) I dont believe Mobile ESPN affected the image or brand of ESPN in either direction. presumptively the 50,000 subscribers to Mobile ESPN were upset at the decision to cancel the program, but out of the millions of ESPN viewers that number is largely insignificant. Mobile ESPN was simply an example of a association breeching into territory it wasnt yet quite ready to break intosomething which happens all the time, not all creative ideas are successful. Because the presence of Mobile ESPN was so small, the re percussions of its also-ran simply could not be on a large scale.(4) Honestly, I still believe Mobile ESPN was a great idea, just perhaps at the wrong time or poorly planned and executed. If I worked with one of ESPNs competitors, I would have viewed Mobile ESPN as a highly unique, creative, out-of-the-box idea that would be a threat to my own company, and demand from my Marketing team that they provide me with ideas as cutting-edge as that. Despite its failure, Mobile ESPN is still a great example of how ESPN constantly strives to be on top, the best of the best, offering the most content with the most accessibility. Mobile ESPN further demonstrated that, and as a competitor I would want to do something that would allow me to reach the same audience base.

A Summer with My Aunt Essay

I, of course, was not used to spending any amount of money because my parents were doing well enough to keep my infant and me in school, so the idea of having leisurely money was a new concept which I craved. As a child I admired this muliebrity for many reasons and cute to be like her. I requisiteed to live in a nice neighborhood with a big family unit, I wanted to drive a beautiful white shiny car and wear new clothes, I wanted to be strong and healthy , save close of all I wanted to be successful like she was. So I spent my twenty-four hour periods in school preparing for college so that someday I would be able to be like her.Things changed, though, when I moved down to Texas for two months to capture care of her nine month hoar son, Luke as it turns unwrap Gretchen Decker was and is not as happy with her intent as I thought she was. At the beginning of the summer I had agreed to fly out to atomic number 20 to take my grandmas place as a helping hand for my auntie. G retchen had further married her third husband, Chris, two years prior and had recently become pregnant. My whole family was rather concerned with this matter because my aunt was now in her forties when complications started arising my grandmother put her own life on keep open to focus her attention on her daughter.When the time came, though, it was my turn to help my aunt. I left my job, friends, summer activities, and leisurely time to fly out to California and take care of my cousin. Plans were interrupted by my aunts job, though, when she received recent news of a promotion that would land her in the Dallas metropolis. I, of course, did not mind because both way I would be able to finally get to know this woman I so aspired to be like, and at the same time I would be able to visit with my aunt Trudy. So at the end of the summer I packed up my bags and my dad, sister, and I drove down to Texas.The home was gorgeous with a huge entry way and vaulted ceilings and a large open-c oncept kitchen and living room. The rooms were not very large but they were a decent surface, close to a large bathroom. There was no furniture yet because it was still being moved from California and sadly wed perk up to live without it for a couple more weeks. It was a great neighborhood, though, quiet and clean but most importantly, safe this was the house my mother and father were operative so hard for. The city was also very established with great schools and big malls, another thing I, myself, had ever wanted.The next day I met Luke and was ball over by his appearance. He was a gorgeous baby but his weight brought up a bit of a concern for me. Luke was only nine months old and weighed 30 pounds the first though in my mind was, why is she feeding him so much? but I held my tongue and asked, So, what does he eat? My aunt replied saying, well he has five bottles a day and two to three solid meals a day. Another thought, holy crap, then I said, Wow, hes big. She laughed a nd said, Yeah hes definitely not starving. She may have found it funny but I found it odd that this child was the size of a two year old and was barely able to move. I walked over to the refrigerator next and poured myself a glass of water. As I drank, I stared at a picture of my aunt and Chris. They were running attitude by side concentrating on the goal ahead, when suddenly Luke laughed and my attention was turned to the other side of the room. My sister, Darian, was playing with Luke and showing him how to use his toys. My aunt smiled at the sight and said, Darian, I love this little guy so much.Its amazing. Ive never love anyone or anything this much. My sister immediately asked, Dont you love Chris? The pause in-between the question surprised me, but finally she answered, well yes but I just love Luke so much. She continued to answer the question by saying that Chris was a good companion and thats why she married him. later on I would learn my aunt just liked to be marri ed and that is what led me to believe my aunt didnt care about love as much as she did her job, because she went into a marriage thinking like a business woman rather that a girl in love.To me this also meant she just didnt want to be alone. A week went by and the moving was done and I was left alone with my aunt. She was struggling to get used to things at her new job and ii could tell she was under much stress. So I did everything I could think of to take a load pip her substantiate like doing the laundry, cooking, cleaning and making sure Luke was in a good mood for her when she came home. No matter what I did though my aunt began to become more and more frustrated with her job. She would leave the house around six-thirty every day and come back around six and continue to do work after Luke went to bed.She would eer tell me she wished she could spent more time with Luke but that wouldnt be able to happen because Chris was playing peter pan in Afghanistan. Every day it was th e same thing Chris is peter pan, I wish I didnt have to be the main provider but the fact of the matter is that my aunt makes around 104 thousand dollars a year and Chris makes around 84 thousand. I was becoming very frustrated with my aunts complaints because my family of four had loved off 30 thousand for quite some time and managed to survive, so why couldnt she live off 84?The answer to my question was very upsetting. She said, good thats Missouri and Missouri isnt the real world. How dare she belittle my parents hard work They both worked day and night trying to provide a better life for my sister and I and this is how she sees their work? I didnt even get to see my parents a lot of the time because one of them was always at work, and here my aunt sat in a huge house with a nice neighborhood, with a beautiful baby and a adult husband and money so much that she didnt even know what to do with it, trying to tell me how terrible her life was.I kept my oral fissure closed becau se it was not my place to tell her these thoughts but more and more I became disappointed in my aunt. Why could she not be thankful and subject with what she had? Her favorite subject of complaint was her husband mostly, because he didnt make enough money for her to stay at home but she also incriminate him of trying to avoid her and Luke because he didnt wasnt to take any responsibility. She thought this because he was going to stay in a deployable unit but at the same time the reason he was doing that was for an education opportunity.There was no pleasing her, though even the fact that Chris wanted to be the provider did not appease her. She had made a comment to me about how she would Find Luke a new daddy if she had to. This made me sick to my stomach that she would say much(prenominal) a thing but I guess that is what happens when you marry someone just because you like to be married. Marriage is not like playing house it is a gift God has given us to become one with anoth er person you love. Everything I admired my aunt for pretty much washed away because of my experience this summer and I will not go back to live with her again.She will sit in her big house in a nice neighborhood, with a husband she dislikes, a job that makes good money, and rot because she does not know how to be content. Thats what I really want is to marry a man I love, give him beautiful children, and work at a job that I absolutely love not a bunch of money with nothing to do with it. I can thank my aunt, though, for showing me how unhappy a person can be in their life because they focus their mind on only the negative and never any positive aspects of their lives.

“Hunger” from a Scientific Biopsychological Perspective

The term bio means life and logos means reckon. The word biology can olibanum be defined as the study of life. The study of physiological bases of behavior is known as Biological psychology. Biological psychology is the study in three slipway namely the comparative method, Physiology and Investigation of inheritance. In the comparative method a number of different species argon studied and thence the results are compared and are link in order to understand the human behavior. Physiology basically focuses on how the brain functions, how the nervous system and hormones work and how their functions affect human behavior.The Investigation of inheritances focuses on how the utensil of inheritance works. This paper will shed light on hunger from a scientific biopsychological perspective. When level of glycogen in the liver-colored fall downstairs a certain point, a tactual sensationing is experienced by an animal which is known as hunger. The organ responsible for originating this u npleasant feeling is the hypothalamus part of the brain. The hypothalamus alarms the liver and the stomach through the sense receptors. Animals can basically be divided into three major categories namely the carnivores, the herbivores and the omnivores.Though they all belong to same nourish class but there take ining habits are pretty different. Carnivores are basically meat eaters. They generally live on live foods. The biological campaign behind this is because they confuse large mouth and very sharp teeth. This allows them to easily get a hold on their prey and tear off the vast pieces of flesh. The short intestinal tract and the huge stomach is perfect for them to hold even an entire big fish. Carnivores prefer to eat meat because there digestive system basically lacks the mogul to digest vegetable matter.Even if they try to live on vegetable they wont be able to defy for long because there physical structure wont be absorbing any nutrients. As carnivores have a huge stom ach. They dont have to eat food very frequently as there serving size is usually very huge. A lion is an example of carnivore. Herbivores on the former(a) hand are totally opposite to carnivores. The proper diet for herbivores consists of plants, algae and fruits. They have alterive themselves according to the biology of their body. There specialized intestines makes their body open of breaking down matter.They have flat teeth through which they grind food before swallowing. The herbivores must have to eat frequently because their stomach lacks the ability to hold large volumes of food. They need to take meals several times a day and there serving size is usually very small. An example of a herbivore is a zebra. Omnivores can eat almost anything. They can vegetables and meat. Their teeth and digestive are made in such a way that they can adapt themselves to have the properties of both the omnivore and the herbivore. An example of an omnivores are humans. The part of the brain resp onsible for stimulating hunger is the hypothalamus.The hypothalamus can be divided into areas namely the lateral hypothalamus and the ventro hypothalamus. The lateral hypothalamus is the part that makes you feel hungry where as the ventromedial hypothalamus is the part that make you feel full and satisfied. When a person is eating a big meal and believes he no more has the capacity to eat more, the ventromedial hypothalamus is doing the job to depict you. Signal impulses are generated by the hypothalamus at appropriate times in order to indicate that when to eat and when to stop. The hypothalamus is trained to maintain a certain optimal body weight.If the body weight falls below the marginal line, the hypothalamus lowers the metabolic rate and when we eat it tells the body to stop eating and increases the metabolic rate to burn excess foods. The neurotransmitter also effects are eating habits. The neurotransmitters that have relation with hunger is serotonin and dopamine. The sero tonin is basically a neurotransmitter that keeps us happy. When we feel good, our body suppresses hunger. People who are usually depressed tend to put on weight because they feel hungry all the time. Dopamine neurotransmitter is also dependant on amino acids in the body.Dopamine levels can affect your body weight. A low dopamine level means that youre less likely to consume amino acids in the body. As a result, there is more intake of carbohydrates and other fats and then you put on weight because you feel hungry. The processed or packaged food has certain chemical in them that effect your neurotransmitters levels in the body and thus you get hunger pangs. The hormones that affect our appetite and hunger is Ghrelin. Ghrelin levels increase before meals and lower down after meals. Gherlin has been discovered as the first hunger go around hormone. www. soc. ucsb. edu) Obesity is a disease in which body consumes a lot of fat and chronic imbalances takes place. perception has proved th at genes do play a quality in obesity. Genes that are related to obesity can effect the metabolic rate. They could also affect human behavior, changing our lifestyles and increasing the risk of being obese. Science has proved that whatever genes control appetie. Such genes make us less able to sense when a feeling full where are as some genes make our bodies more responsive to food by affecting our sense of taste, smell or sight of food.Some genes make us feel sluggish and less active and as result people put on weight. Epigenetic is a birth given to a new science. Epigenetic basically involve the study of gene activity in which though they do not involve alterations to the genetic code but can still be passed down to at least one successive generation. The cellular material for expressing these gene patterns is known as epigenome. (www. britannica. com) Both constitution and nurture have affects on our diet and body size. The evolutionary factors that basically shape the geneti cs that we inherit from our parents and ancestors is known as Nature.Things that influence us since we were born is nurture. The range of human potential is basically obdurate by nature where as the ways in which the human potential is actualized is determined by nurture. Your diet and body size is affected both by the nature and the nurture. Parents that are usually tall are mostly likely to have kids that are going to be tall. This is genetic and thus nature has it roles. However, parents who are short does not necessarily mean will have kids that will be short too. If kids are given proper food, they elaborate well and they ride out active so they can affect their body size.Thus nurture has its role as well. (Sharpe) As for diet, your appetite is affected both by nature and nurture. In some families, they love to eat so their kids are mostly likely to eat as well. People who generally have tendencies to put on weight usually have low metabolic rate and their genes can be passe d on to children. Hence nature plays it role but if the kids control their appetite, exercise well they can adapt their body and bring changes. This is where nurture plays its role. (www. answers. com)

Bullying – Lifespan Psych Class

PSY-210 all in all over the world, bullying and victimization atomic number 18 common at various levels of schooling from chief(a) to secondary and beyond. The objective of bullying buns range from humiliating to enlightening fear in an effort to establish a character of dominance on the part of the bully. It can be in the form of physical violence, verbal abuse, or social isolation and can have lasting consequences on the victim ranging from low self esteem to the most severe suicide. The question we all have to ask ourselves is where does this behavior stem from?Children are not born essential with an evil gene (excluding mental disease), on that pointfore, we have to begin by looking at the family structure, the familial influence, and what role they play in the bullying behavior. In the search study PROCEDURAL JUSTICE IN RESOLVING FAMILY DISPUTES IMPLICATIONS FOR CHILDHOOD BULLYING (Brubacher, Fondacaro, Brank, Brown, Miller, 2009), the authors looked at the interaction amid a pip-squeak and their family with regard to conflict resultant role and how that may effect the ability of a child to deal with their peers.Since a dominant role is most apparent in the parent-child relationship, it can suggest that children volition be considerably affected by how their parents treat a situation where conflict unavoidablenesss to be resolved. Parents play a pivotal part in the ability for their child to understand right from wrong, empathy, respect, and a sense of fairness. Throughout their course of cognitive growing, the attitudes and behaviors put forward by the parent will be internalized by a child and become part of that childs working model of social conduct.The purpose of this study was to develop the correlation between the family dynamics, and how it may contribute to the behavior of children and their core moral and ethical values when interacting or dealing with their peers. The groundwork is laid at home and if not met with properly, can re sult in the same cycle repeating in generations to come.The study used participants of middle school age (average age was just over 12-1/2), and a randomized selection of classes from nine participating school districts within various states which was a good representation in that it looked at students in much a metropolitan setting where you usually have a more than dense student body, a larger mix of ethnicities, which can sometimes lend to more conflict amongst peers as they are interacting and trying to integrate with one another.The age of students is particularly important because its at this tender age where they are scratch to form their independence and having to bring up autonomous decisions about their behavior and still acquisition the consequences associated with those decisions. Im certain that aggressive behavior in parenting styles has gigantic implications on a childs attitude. Parents who use physical and/or emotional harm are doing nothing to instill healthy , acceptable social behaviors. All children need to feel a sense of value, empowerment over their ability to be autonomous, and in the absence of that, will act out that which theyve learned.Often times, it can be the subliminal behavior of the parents/adults that can foster unacceptable values in children. The catalyst can be the ethical and moral opinions like racism, cultural beliefs, and fifty-fifty religious affiliations that the parents have personal qualms about that can weave into the fabric of a child. Many parents are oblivious to what theyre unconsciously teaching their children evidently by how they talk about other societies, traditions, or backgrounds. That kind of blind hatred passes down from generation to generation and no doubt rears its ugly channelize in our schools the melting pot of the world.In our textbook HUMAN learning (J. W. Vander Zanden, T. Crandell, C. H. Crandell), Diana Baumrind, a developmental psychologist found a number of parental practices an d attitudes that seem to facilitate the development of socially responsible and independent behavior in children. She found that parents who are socially responsible and assertive, and who serve as daily models of these behaviors, foster these same characteristics in their children. Parents should emphasize and encourage individuality, self-expression, and socially appropriate aggressiveness.Susan Crockenber and Cindy Litman (1990) show that the way parents handle autonomy issues have a profound consequence for their youngsters behavior. When parents assert their power in the form of negative control (threats, criticism, physical intervention, and anger), children are more likely to respond with defiance and thus behave the same way. I agree that there is a correlation between parenting styles and how that influences a childs ability to resolve conflicts. The family environment has a direct relationship to problematic behavior in children resulting in social cruelty, especially bull ying.No one can prepare you for the most difficult task in life. Parenting. Countless books, advice from others, even your own childhood experiences never seem to quite arm you with enough strength to handle it with grace and fluidity. Yet we all take that leap of faith, to fulfill our moral obligation to reproduce life, convinced that we know the secret to raising a well-adjusted individual. Yet many of us fail to carry out the process correctly both repeating past behavior, or expecting too much from our little ones, too soon. In the article published on Psychology Today HOW TO RAISE YOUR CHILDREN naturally, Gerard Young, Ph.D. , discusses parenting styles with regard to discipline, self esteem, happiness, and stress both on the part of parents and their children. He focuses on the importance of not only timing and applying proper techniques reminding us that childrens cognitive and social skills grow with age, but the importance of the environment in which those practices woul d be effective needing a warm and balanced platform. Discipline should not unaccompanied be about punishment for the wrong behavior, but should also encompass limits and the boundaries for self-control.He discusses that Learning theory has provided excellent discipline techniques, which can help shape a child by using rewards, reinforcements, points, time outs, and even punishment without resorting to the use of corporal/physical methods. Parents need to have patience and understanding if they are to instill appropriate social and developmental behaviors in their children. We need to appreciate that they have a different schedule and rhythm than we do, and if were to be effective parents, we need to manage that in order to gain a measure of control while teaching them the proper skill sets they need for self-control.Most important, we need to be more liberal with our praise, giving them enjoyment to strive for more. If we are to raise a healthy child, we need to value what is speci al within our child and support and hold on that. Understanding what makes your child tick, and giving them the tools to tick better. We should provide them with an environment which not only sets limits & expectations, but freedom to express & explore, so they can grow with a sense of initiative and independence which will translate into adulthood for domineering life goals and values.All this requires dedication and commitment from parents to be on their best behavior. Children watch, observe, imitate, and learn from us. It would be prudent for us to remember the initial goal we had in mind when we decided to have children. To tenderly love him/her, to make a contribution to society by raising a healthy, well adjusted individual who will in turn perpetuate that for generations to come. That cannot happen if we are to take a back seat approach and not follow through with our moral responsibility. Children did not have a choice to be born.So wherefore then should we rob them of a chance they rightfully deserve at a peaceful upbringing. Learning, by definition in our textbook HUMAN DEVELOPMENT (J. W. Vander Zanden, T. Crandell, C. H. Crandell), involves a relatively permanent change in a capability or behavior that results from experience. Behavioral theories emphasize that people can be well-read by positive or negative reinforcers that cognitive theories focus on how to fashion the cognitive structures by which individuals think about their environment and that social learning theories stress the need to provide models for people to imitate.This definition encompasses intellectually all the fine points Dr. Young wrote about in his article. We can all reason that positive behaviors will produce positive outcomes. We just need to actually follow through with them. The most important role model in a childs life is their significant caregiver, in most cases, parents. To learn a behavior, you need to be taught that behavior. Why then with all this information, do we still pick to parent incorrectly is beyond me. It is so much easier to teach a child than it is to fix an adult.References Brubacher, Michael R. , Fondacar, Mark R. , Brank, Eve M. , Brown, Veda E. , Miller, Scott A. , (2009). Procedural Justice in closure Family Disputes Implications For Childhood Bullying. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, Vol 15(3), Aug, 2009. Pp. 149-167. Doi10. 1037/a0016839 Vander Zanden, James W. , Crandell, Thomas L. , Crandell, Corinne Haines (2007). Human Development. 8th ed. New York McGraw-Hill Co. , Inc. Young, Gerald Ph. D (Oct. 4, 2011). How To Raise Your Children Naturally. Psychology Today.

Lamb: The Gospel According to Biff, Christ’s Childhood Pal Epilogue

EpilogueThe angel took the book from him, then went out the room access and across the mansion house, where he knocked on the door. Hes finished, the angel tell to some wizard in the room.What, youre leaving? I can just go? asked Levi who was called Biff.The door across the hall opened, and on that point stood a nonher angel, this unity learnming to feed more a female aspect than Raziel. She too held a book. She stepped into the hall to reveal a fair sex standing behind her, wearing jeans and a green cotton blouse. Her hair was wide and straight, dark with reddish highlights, and her eyes were crystal blue and seemed to glow in contrast to her dark skin.Maggie, said Levi.Hi, Biff.Maggie finished her Gospel weeks ago, said Raziel.Really?The Magdalene smiled. Well, I didnt have as much to bring out as you did. I didnt see you guys for sixteen years.Oh, right.It is the will of the Son that you two go out together into this new world, said the female angel.Levi went across the h all and took her in his arms. They kissed for a long time until the angels began to clear their throats and murmur Get a room under their breaths.They held each other at arms length. Levi said, Maggie, is this going to be like it always was? You know, youre with me, and you chouse me and e realthing, but its all because you cant have Josh?Of course.Thats so pathetic.You dont want to be together?No, I want to, its just pathetic.I have money, she said. They gave me money.Thats good.Go, said Raziel, losing his patience. Go, go, go. Go away. He pointed down the hallway.They started walking down the hallway, arm in arm, tentatively, feeling back at the angels every few steps, until at last they looked back and the angels were gone.You should have stuck around, the Magdalene said.I couldnt. It hurt too much.He came back.I know, I read astir(predicate) it.He was sad because of what you had done.Yeah, so was I.The others were angry with you. They said that you had the greatest close to believe.That why they edited me out of their Gospels?Good guess, she said.They stepped into the elevator and the Magdalene pushed the button for the lobby. By the way, it was Hallowed, she said.What was Hallowed?The H. His middle name. It was Hallowed. Its a family name, remember, Our father, who art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name.Damn, I would have guessed Harvey, Biff said.AfterwordTeaching Yoga to an ElephantAnd there are also many other things which deliverer did, the which, if they should be written every one, I chew over that even the world itself could not contain the books that should be written. Amen.JOHN 2125Can you very teach yoga to an elephant? Well no, you cant, but were talking about Jesus here. Nobody knows what he could do.The book youve just read is a story. I made it up. It is not designed to change anyones beliefs or worldview, unless after interpretation it youve decided to be kinder to your fellow humans (which is okay), or you decide you really would like to try to teach yoga to an elephant, in which case, please get videotape.I researched Lamb, I really did, but there is no doubt I could have spent decades researching and still managed to be inaccurate. (Its a talent, what can I say?) piece of music Ive made some attempt to paint an accurate picture of the world in which Christ lived, I changed things for my own convenience, and sometimes, obviously, there was no way of cunning what conditions really existed in the years 1 through 33.The available written history about the peasant class, society, and the practice of Judaism in the first century in Galilee degenerates quickly into theory. The role of the Pharisees in peasant society, the Hellenistic influence, the influence of an international city like Joppa nearby who knows how these things would have affected Christ as a boy? Some historians postulate that Yeshua of Nazareth would have been little more than an ignorant hillbilly, while others say that because of the proximity o f Sepphoris and Joppa, he could have been exposed to Greek and papistical culture from an advance(prenominal) age. I chose the latter because it makes for a more inte abideing story.The historical feel of Jesus, beyond a couple of references by Josephus, the Jewish historian of the first century, and the odd mention by Roman historians, is again mostly speculation. What we can know today of the life of Jesus of Nazareth is included in the four slim Gospels found in the New Testament Matthew, all-day sucker, Luke, and conjuration. For those readers who know the Gospels (bear with me), you know that Matthew and Luke are the only two to mention Christs birth, while Mark and John cover only the ministry part of Jesus life. The wise men are mentioned only in one short passage in Matthew, and the shepherds are mentioned only in Luke. The slaughter of the innocents and the fleeing into Egypt are mentioned only in Matthew. In short, Jesus infancy is a jumble, but the chronicle of his childhood is worse. Of the time from Jesus birth to when he began his ministry in his thirties, the Bible gives us only one scene Luke tells us of Jesus teaching in the Temple in Jerusalem at age twelve. opposite than that, we have a thirty-year hole in the life of the most influential human being to ever walk the face of the earth. With Lamb, in my own light-headed way, I attempted to fill that hole in history, but again, I am not trying to present history as it dexterity really have been, Im simply telling stories.Some of the historical elements of Lamb are uncomfortable to work the modern mind around. The precocious sexual practice comes to mind. That Maggie would have been betroth by twelve and married by thirteen is almost received from what we know of Jewish society in the first century, as are the facts that a Jewish boy of the time would have been learning his trade by age ten, would be betrothed at thirteen, and would be married by fourteen. trying to create empathy for the adult roles of those whom we, today, would consider children, was of no small concern to me when I was writing that constituent of the book, but it may be the one section where the sexuality of the characters is not historically out of place. The average peasant in Galilee would have been lucky to live to the age of forty, so perhaps the children, by necessity, reached sexual due date earlier than they would under less harsh conditions.Although there are, Im sure, many historical inaccuracies and improbabilities in this book, the most blatant that I have knowingly indulged is in the section where Biff and Joshua visit Gaspar in the mountains of China. While Gautama Buddha did indeed live and teach some five hundred years before the birth of Christ, and while his teachings were far-flung in India by the time our heroes could have made it to the East, Buddhism didnt make it into China for almost five hundred years after Christs death. The martial arts would not be developed by Buddhist monks until after that, but to remain historically accurate, I would have had to leave out an important question that I felt needed to be addressed, which is, What if Jesus had known kung fu?The life of Gaspar, as described in Lamb (the nine years in the cave, etc.), is drawn from the subtitles of the life of the Buddhist patriarch Bodhidharma, the man who is said to have taken Buddhism to China around A.D. 500. Bodhidharma (or Daruma) is credited with the school of Buddhism that we know today as Zen. Buddhist legend does not mention Bodhidharma encountering a besidesi, but they do have him cutting his eyelids off to avoid falling asleep and having them sprout into tea plants which later monks would create from raw stuff to keep awake during meditation (which I left out), so I traded that story in on an abominable snowman and Biffs theory of natural selection. Seemed fair. Bodhidharma is also said to have invented and taught kung fu to the famous Shao Lin monks to co ndition them for the rigorous regimen of meditation he prescribed.Most of the details of the festival of Kali, including the sacrifices and mutilations, come from Joseph Campbells Oriental Mythology, from his Masks of God series. Campbell cites eyewitness accounts of the cover ritual from nineteenth-century British soldiers and states that even today over eight hundred goats are beheaded for the festival of Kali in Calcutta. (Anyone who had trouble with this passage, please write to Campbell in his current incarnation.)The cited verses from the Upanishads and Bhagavad Gita are actual translations of those revered writings. The verses from the Kama Sutra are completely from my imagination, but youll find weirder stuff in the actual book.Theologically, I made certain assumptions about who Jesus was, mainly that he was who the Gospels say he was. While I used the Gospels heavily for reference, and there are a couple of references to the Acts of the Apostles (specifically the giving of the gift of tongues, without which Biff could not have told the story in modern American idiom), I tried not to draw on the rest of the New Testament, specifically the letters of Paul, Peter, James, and John, as sound as Revelations, all written years after the Crucifixion (as were the Gospels). These missives eventually went on to specialise Christianity, but no matter what you may think of them, you have to agree that Jesus would not have been aware of them, or the events in them, or for certain the consequences of their teaching, so they had no place in this story. Joshua and Biff, as Jewish boys, would, however, have been familiar with the books of the Old Testament, the first five of which made up the base of their faith, the Torah, and the rest which were referred to by people of the time as Prophets and Writings, so I referred to these when I felt it was appropriate. As I understand it, however, the Talmud and most of the Midrash (illustrative stories explaining the law o f God) had not yet been formulated and agreed upon, so they were not used as a reference for Lamb.From the Gnostic Gospels (a set of manuscripts found at Nag Hammadi, Egypt, in 1945, but which actually may have been written earlier than the canonized Gospels) Ive drawn only slightly on the Gospel of Thomas, a book of Christs sayings, because it fail well with the Buddhist point of view (many of the sayings in the Gospel of Thomas are also found in Mark). The other Gnostic Gospels were every too fragmentary, or frankly, just plain creepy (the Infancy Gospel of Thomas describes Jesus, at age six, using his supernatural powers to murder a gathering of children because they tease him. Sort of Carrie Goes to Nazareth. Even I had to pass.)Lamb is peppered throughout with biblical references, both real and made-up (i.e., Biff quotes liberally from nonexistent books of the Bible much(prenominal) as Dalmatians, Excretions, and Amphibians). My editor and I discussed the merit of footnoting these references and decided that footnotes would detract from the flow of the story. The problem arises, however, that if the reader knows the Bible well enough to recognize the real references, theres a good chance that he or she has decided not to read this book. Our final decision well, my final decision, my editor wasnt really consulted on this because he might have said no was to advise those who are not familiar with the Bible to find someone who is, sit them down, read them the passages in question, then say, That one real? How bout that one? If you dont know someone who is familiar with the Bible, just wait, someone will come to your door eventually. Keep extra copies of Lamb on gift so they can take one with them.Another problem with telling a story that has been told so many times is that people are looking for elements with which they are familiar. Although Ive glossed over many events that are chronicled in the Gospels, there are numerous elements which many people think are there, which simply are not. one is that Mary Magdalene was a prostitute. Shes always portrayed that way in movies, but it doesnt ever say that she is in the Bible. She is mentioned by name eleven times in the synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Luke, Mark). Most references to her talk about her preparation for the burial of Jesus, and then being the first witness of his resurrection. It also says that Jesus cured her of despicable spirits. No whore references, period. There are Marys without surnames all over the Gospels, and some of them, I suspect, may refer to the Magdalene, specifically the Mary who, soon before his death, anoints Jesus feet with valuable ointment and wipes them with her hair, certainly one of the most tender moments in the Gospels and the primary basis for my rendering of Maggies character. We know from letters that many of the leaders of the early church were women, but in first-century Israel, a woman who struck out on her own without a husband was not o nly considered uppity, but was very likely referred to as a harlot (as was a woman who was divorced). That could be where the myth originated.Another Gospel misassumption is that the three wise men were kings, or, in fact, that there were even three of them. We make that assumption because there are three gifts given to the Christ child. Their names are never mentioned. The names Balthasar, Gaspar, and Melchior come to us from Christian tradition written hundreds of years after the time of Christ. We assume that Joseph of Nazareth, Jesus stepfather, dies before the Crucifixion, yet it is never stated in the Gospels. He just may not have been involved. We make assumptions based on what we have been fed over the years at Christmas pageants and passion plays, but often, although inspired by faith, that stuff is little more than what you have just read the product of someones imagination. The Gospels do not agree on the order of the events that happen during the ministry, from Jesus ba ptism by John to the Crucifixion, so I arranged events from all the Gospels in what seemed a logical, chronological order, while adding those elements that allow Biffs participation in the story. There are, of course, elements of the Gospels which I left out in the interest of brevity, but you can always find them in the Gospels if you want.My sending Joshua and Biff to the East was motivated rigorously by story, not by basis in the Gospel or historical evidence. While there are indeed astounding similarities between the teachings of Jesus and those of Buddha (not to mention those of Lao-tzu, Confucius, and the Hindu religion, all which seem to have included some version of the Golden Rule), its more likely that these stem from what I believe to be logical and moral conclusions that any person in search of what is right would come to, e.g. that the preferable way to treat one another is with love and almsgiving that pursuit of material gain is ultimately empty when measured against eternity and that somehow, as human beings, we are all connected spiritually. While historians and theologians dont completely practice out the possibility that Christ may have traveled to the East, they seem to agree that he could have formulated the teachings we find in the Gospels with no more influence than the rabbinical teachings in Galilee and Judea. But what fun would that have been?Finally, this story was set in a dire time, a deadly heartbreaking time, and the world of the first-century Jew under the rule of the Romans would not have been one that easily inspired mirth. Its more than a small anachronism that I portray Joshua having and qualification fun, yet somehow, I like to think that while he carried out his sacred mission, Jesus of Nazareth might have enjoyed a sense of irony and the telephoner of a wisecracking buddy. This story is not and never was meant to challenge anyones faith however, if ones faith can be shaken by stories in a humorous novel, one may have a bit more praying to do.My thanks to the many people who helped in the research and writing of this book, especially those who were generous enough to theatrical role their beliefs without judgment or condemnation.Many thanks to Neil Levy, Mark Joseph, Professor William Sundog Bersley, Ray Sanders, and John The Heretic Campbell for their advice on religion, philosophy, and history. To Charlee Rodgers for putting up with the fits, starts, whining, and hubris of the process, as well as to Dee Dee Leichtfuss for readings and comments. Special thanks to Orly Elbaz, who was my tour guide through Israel and who showed infinite patience in answering my nitpicky historical questions. Also to my agent, Nick Ellison, and my editor, Tom Dupree, for their patience, tolerance, and advice.Christopher Moore large-scale SUR, CALIFORNIANOVEMBER 2000