Power and Control in Hawk Roosting Essay

GRADE G In Shakespeare’s play a man called Macbeth kills the king to get his power. Ted Hughes’s poem ‘Hawk Roosting’ is about a hawk who thinks he is powerful. GRADE F In _Macbeth_ Shakespeare writes about Macbeth and Lady Macbeth who have a plan to kill the king and take over. â€Å"Hail, King thou shalt be.† Ted Hughes writes about a hawk and how powerful he is: â€Å"My manners are tearing off heads.† GRADE E Shakespeare shows that Lady Macbeth wants to be a powerful character because she wants to kill the king so that Macbeth can become the new king: ‘You can putt this night’s great business into my dispatch.† Ted Hughes also writes about power, but from the point of view of a hawk. We know that the hawk has a high opinion of itself: ‘I kill where I please because it is all mine.’ GRADE D The theme of power/ambition is explored in _Macbeth_ and ‘Hawk Roosting.’ Shakespeare focuses on Lady Macbeth’s relationship with Macbeth. When Lady Macbeth learns about the witches’ prophecy that Macbeth will become king, she hatches a plan to make it happen. Ted Hughes also writes about ambition because the hawk in the poem wants to be the best: â€Å"Now I hold Creation in my foot.† A difference between them is that the hawk is very confident about his own power, but Macbeth is too  loyal to the king to be able to reach his ambition.: â€Å"We will proceed no further in this business. He hath honoured me of late.† Lady Macbeth is more ambitious than her husband. GRADE C Ted Hughes’s poem ‘ Hawk Roosting’ shows the world as seen from a hawk’s point of view. The hawk seems very determined and powerful. Shakespeare also presents the theme of power and determination, but the difference is that he presents is with a husband and wife who plot to murder the king and take his crown. The hawk also has thoughts of murder: ‘in sleep rehearse perfect kills’. The word ‘rehearse’ suggests that the hawk enjoys killing, and practises to make himself perfect – even when asleep. This also suggests that he is proud of himself. Similarly, in _Macbeth_ Lady Macbeth is proud of her ambitious nature: ‘O never/Shall sun that morrow see.’ She has murderous thoughts and she will kill the king that night. GRADE B _Macbeth_ and ‘Hawk Roosting’ both seem to be about power and ambition. In ‘Hawk Roosting’ the speaker is a hawk who describes his view of the world: ‘The earth’s face upward for my inspection.’ This image suggests how the hawk is very confident that the world is there to suit his needs. It is in the form of a statement, which adds to the feelings of the hawk’s confidence. Lady Macbeth is also very powerful at the beginning of the play. She wants Macbeth to entertain the guests while she prepares to kill King Duncan. When hatching the plan, she says to her husband, ‘Leave all the rest to me’. This implies that she feels that she is more capable to commit the crime than Macbeth. The audience will see her as more ambitious at this point. GRADE A Although _Macbeth_ and ‘Hawk Roosting’ differ in form, there are distinct links that can be drawn between them. They both concern power and ambition  and how a character’s persona is formed by their self-belief, and what they are prepared to do to achieve their aims. In both texts we are given an insight into the characters’ innermost thoughts. In ‘Hawk Roosting’, because the poem is written in the first person, in the form of a dramatic monologue, we gain a great insight into the speaker’s confidence. The hawk starkly portrays how he feels that the world is there for his ‘convenience’. He arrogantly describes how the ‘air’s buoyancy’ and ‘sun’s ray’ are ‘of advantage’ to him. Similarly, Lady Macbeth initially believes that the crown is her right, and shows her desire for achieving it: ‘Take my milk for gall, you murd’ring ministers.’ The fact that she is calling on spirits to give her the strength to act implies that she will stop at nothing to achieve her aim. An audience may view this as a shocking, evil and ruthlessly ambitious act. GRADE A* _Macbeth_ and ‘Hawk Roosting’ share some common ground in that they are concerned with the unpleasant side of power and ambition. The main characters in both texts appear to be overly confident and assured. ‘Hawk Roosting’ is a dramatic monologue spoken by a non-human voice, a hawk. We are provided with a series of images which depict the hawk’s arrogance and pride. Indeed. The hawk is brimming with superiority: ‘It took the whole of Creation/To produce my foot, my each feather.’ The hawk is seemingly bragging and delighting in how magnificent it appears. This can be directly compared to Lady Macbeth. The way she belittles her husband, referring to him as ‘afeard’ and ‘a coward’ reveals her merciless ambition to become queen. She, like the hawk, feels that she deserves to be ‘great’, and wants her husband to share the power; he calls her ‘My dearest partner of greatness.’ COMPARING _MACBETH_ AND _HAWK ROOSTING_ – SAMPLE ANSWERS (THEME = POWER AND AMBITION) 1. Although _Macbeth_ and ‘Hawk Roosting’ differ in form, there are distinct links that can be drawn between them. They both concern power and ambition and how a character’s persona is formed by their self-belief, and what they are prepared to do to achieve their aims. In both texts we are given an insight into the characters’ innermost thoughts. In ‘Hawk Roosting’, because the poem is written in the first person, in the form of a dramatic monologue, we gain a great insight into the speaker’s confidence. The hawk starkly portrays how he feels that the world is there for his ‘convenience’. He arrogantly describes how the ‘air’s buoyancy’ and ‘sun’s ray’ are ‘of advantage’ to him. Similarly, Lady Macbeth initially believes that the crown is her right, and shows her desire for achieving it: ‘Take my milk for gall, you murd’ring ministers.’ The fact that she is calling on spirits to give her the strength to act implies that she will stop at nothing to achieve her aim. An audience may view this as a shocking, evil and ruthlessly ambitious act. 2. The theme of power/ambition is explored in _Macbeth_ and ‘Hawk Roosting.’ Shakespeare focuses on Lady Macbeth’s relationship with Macbeth. When Lady Macbeth learns about the witches’ prophecy that Macbeth will become king, she hatches a plan to make it happen. Ted Hughes also writes about ambition because the hawk in the poem wants to be the best: â€Å"Now I hold Creation in my foot.† A difference between them is that the hawk is very confident about his own power, but Macbeth is too loyal to the king to be able to reach his ambition: â€Å"We will proceed no further in this business. He hath honoured me of late.† Lady Macbeth is more ambitious than her husband. 3. _Macbeth_ and ‘Hawk Roosting’ both seem to be about power and ambition. In ‘Hawk Roosting’ the speaker is a hawk who describes his view of the world: ‘The earth’s face upward for my inspection.’ This image suggests how the hawk is very confident that the world is there to suit his needs. It is in the form of a statement, which adds to the feelings of the hawk’s confidence. Lady Macbeth is also very powerful at the beginning of the play. She wants Macbeth to entertain the guests while she prepares to kill King Duncan. When hatching the plan, she says to her husband, ‘Leave all the rest to me’. This implies that she feels that she is more capable to commit the crime than Macbeth. The audience will see her as more ambitious at this point. 4. Shakespeare shows that Lady Macbeth wants to be a powerful character because she wants to kill the king so that Macbeth can become the new king: ‘You can putt this night’s great business into my dispatch.† Ted Hughes also writes about power, but from the point of view of a hawk. We know that the hawk has a high opinion of itself: ‘I kill where I please because it is all mine.’ 5. _Macbeth_ and ‘Hawk Roosting’ share some common ground in that they are concerned with the unpleasant side of power and ambition. The main characters in both texts appear to be overly confident and assured. ‘Hawk Roosting’ is a dramatic monologue spoken by a non-human voice, a hawk. We are provided with a series of images which depict the hawk’s arrogance and pride. Indeed. The hawk is brimming with superiority: ‘It took the whole of Creation/To produce my foot, my each feather.’ The hawk is seemingly bragging and delighting in how magnificent it appears. This can be directly compared to Lady Macbeth. The way she belittles her husband, referring to him as ‘afeard’ and ‘a coward’ reveals her merciless ambition to become queen. She, like the hawk, feels that she deserves to be ‘great’, and wants her husband to share the power; he calls her ‘My dearest partner of greatness.’ 6. In _Macbeth_ Shakespeare writes about Macbeth and Lady Macbeth who have a plan to kill the king and take over. â€Å"Hail, King thou shalt be.† Ted Hughes writes about a hawk and how powerful he is: â€Å"My manners are tearing off heads.† 7. In Shakespeare’s play a man called Macbeth kills the king to get his  power. Ted Hughes’s poem ‘Hawk Roosting’ is about a hawk who thinks he is powerful. 8. Ted Hughes’s poem ‘Hawk Roosting’ shows the world as seen from a hawk’s point of view. The hawk seems very determined and powerful. Shakespeare also presents the theme of power and determination, but the difference is that he presents is with a husband and wife who plot to murder the king and take his crown. The hawk also has thoughts of murder: ‘in sleep rehearse perfect kills’. The word ‘rehearse’ suggests that the hawk enjoys killing, and practises to make himself perfect – even when asleep. This also suggests that he is proud of himself. Similarly, in _Macbeth_ Lady Macbeth is proud of her ambitious nature: ‘O never/Shall sun that morrow see.’ She has murderous thoughts and she will kill the king that night.

Gardenia Bakeries Case Study Essay

This is a strategic marketing plan for Gardenia Bakeries (KL) Sdn Bhd to sell their product â€Å"Auntie Rosie’s Natural Pandan Kaya† to the country â€Å"Australia† in the state of â€Å"Sydney†. 2.0 Overview of Gardenia Bakeries Sdn Bhd 2.1 General Information of Gardenia Bakeries (KL) Sdn Bhd In 1969, an American named Horatio Sye Slocumm was sent by International Executive Service Corporation (IESC) to East Malaysia to start a bakery. Gardenia was then born. Gardenia Bakeries (KL) Sdn Bhd rolled the first loaf of bread off its line in 1986. Within four short years, it became the bread market leader with an astounding 99 percent brand recall rate and 80 percent top-of-mind recall. Gardenia’s range of products grew and evolved through the years, becoming better and better with each step. Leveraging on its brand strength, Gardenia now produces a variety of baked products to satisfy consumers’ demands. 2.2 Products of Gardenia Bakeries (KL) Sdn Bhd There are 11 types of product that Gardenia Bakeries produce, 10 types of it are all breads and the specific one is the coconut jam called â€Å"Auntie Rosie’s Natural Pandan Kaya†. We are only focusing on the product â€Å"Auntie Rosie’s Natural Pandan Kaya† which is very popular in Malaysia. â€Å"Auntie Rosie’s Natural Pandan Kaya† is a coconut jam made from coconut milk, egg, caramel, pandan leaf extract, food conditioner, salt and sweetened with sugar. 2.3 Pricing The pricing strategy for Gardenia Bakeries (KL) Sdn Bhd that is used upon â€Å"Auntie Rosie’s Natural Pandan Kaya† is the Market oriented pricing strategy. Market oriented pricing strategy is setting a price based upon analysis and research compiled from the target market. This means that marketers will set prices depending on the results from the research. The price that Gardenia set for â€Å"Auntie Rosie’s Natural Pandan Kaya† is RM2.50, but there is also competitive rival that throw prices such is RM1.80 and RM2.00. Gardenia would stay firm with this price due to its quality and well known brand over all these years. 2.4 Place/Distribution Gardenia Bakeries (KL) Sdn Bhd doesn’t have its own outlets but it depend on grocery stall, hypermarket and mini markets to distribute its products. Gardenia Bakeries (KL) Sdn Bhd provides their product to places like big hypermarkets and mini markets along the street. As long there is stalls or outlet selling Gardenia bread products, there are sure â€Å"Auntie Rosie’s Natural Pandan Kaya† for sale. 2.5 Promotion Gardenia Bakeries (KL) Sdn Bhd does not do any promotions. 3.0 Overview of Sydney, Australia 3.1 General Information about Sydney, Australia Sydney is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia. It is on Australia’s south-east coast, on the Tasman Sea. In June 2010 the greater metropolitan area had an approximate population of 4.6 million people. Inhabitants of Sydney are called Sydneysiders, comprising a cosmopolitan and international population. 3.2 State of the economy The economy of Australia is one of the largest capitalist economies in the world with a GDP of US$1.57 trillion. Australia’s total wealth is 6.4 trillion dollars. In 2011, it was the 13th largest national economy by nominal GDP and the 17th-largest measured by â€Å"PPP adjusted GDP†, about 1.7% of the world economy. Australia is the 19th-largest importer and 19th-largest exporter. Economy of Australia is quarterly forecasted by the Reserve Bank of Australia. Australian National University in Canberra also supplements Probabilistic interest rate setting project for the Australian Economy, which is compiled by Shadow board members from the ANU academic staff. 3.3 Reasons for selection Australia is one of the richest countries to fulfill purchasing needs. I would target Sydney is because it is one of the largest city in Australia. In Sydney, there is a big population of people there and it includes a lot of overseas student from Malaysia too. The main reason I target Sydney Australia is because the coconut jam would be easier to spread and sell for a head start because there is a lot of Malaysian and Singapore students studying there. 4.0 Pestel Analysis Pestle Analysis of Australia Factors Facts Findings Political Australia is a political stable country. Legally is not a problem to sell â€Å"Auntie Rosie’s Natural Pandan Kaya† there. Selling â€Å"Auntie Rosie’s Natural Pandan Kaya† is not a problem. However Gardenia Bakeries (KL) Sdn Bhd must expect competition in this industry Economic Australia’s economy is doing very well. GDP growth is 3.4% and the per capital income is one of the highest in the world. The economy is generating opportunity for Gardenia Bakeries (KL) Sdn Bhd to sell â€Å"Auntie Rosie’s Natural Pandan Kaya† Social & Culture New Entrants/ Potential Competitors: It is predicted to have more competitions entering into the market 5 Consumer Bargaining Power 6.0 Entry Strategy The proposed entry strategy for Gardenia Bakeries (KL) Sdn Bhd to enter Sydney, Australia should be â€Å"Indirect Exporting† because Gardenia Bakeries (KL) Sdn Bhd could use a middleman to carry out the responsibility for the selling job to sell it to all the hypermarket and mini market. There are a lot of advantages for doing so. First is the risk would be very low for Gardenia Bakeries (KL) Sdn Bhd and it would be safe to let the local middleman get contacts and to apply all the selling. Secondly because that Gardenia Bakeries (KL) Sdn Bhd is a small firm which limits their export business and it focus more on its own country Malaysia, it could be an advantage for them to expose themselves to the Australian. 7.0 Marketing Mix Proposal 7.1 Product The product’s name â€Å"Auntie Rosie’s Natural Pandan Kaya† should be changed due to the culture there don’t understand what is â€Å"Pandan† and â€Å"Kaya† and I find â€Å"Auntie Rosie† is nobody therefore it should be change. It should be changed to â€Å"Gardenia’s Coconut Jam† which it will suit the environment of Australia directly. 7.2 Pricing The price strategy would be using the Market Penetration Strategy which is to sell it cheaper in the first three to five months and then raise the price to the normal price. I would suggest that the price that we should allocate in Australia is $2.0 Aussie Dollars for each coconut jam and after that it should be raised back to $2.5 Aussie Dollars. 7.3 Place/Distribution We would be having a distributor as middle men to sell to all the hypermarkets, mini markets and even groceries store. We are targeting Sydney as our targeted location to start with first. 7.4 Promotion I would want to sell it with a promotion just for the first month. By purchasing one â€Å"Gardenia’s Coconut Jam† we would free one more for the consumers. So it is a buy one free one promotion. This promotion will only valid for one month. 8.0 Conclusion We look forward to help you implement the plan.

Antarctica

White fields of snow, surrounded by ice covered mountains and no civilization around for miles. This may sound like a fantasy land but is the blank canvas of Antarctica. Some people think of it as an arctic waste land but I see it as an unexplored frontier. Antarctica is one of last places on the planet that has not been thoroughly explored. It gives the land a kind of mystery; like anything could exist there. It represents an older simpler time in the world, before industrialization, automobiles, and roads. People have not breached this still natural and wild habitat. This natural world holds a magnificent beauty that is unparalleled anywhere else. It is one of the last uncultivated places left in the world where nature still reigns, free from the influence of human kind.Antarctica intrigues me because I am also interested in what is new and developing. This land has the opportunity to be created into anything. Any kind of government or economy; a whole new way of life could be crea ted here. Any type of society could develop from a colonial government controlled by some world power or a new sovereign nation. The unknown ignites my imagination. It makes me ask the question what new advancement in technology can be found or scientific discoveries can be made? I am intrigued by the unknown and of all the places in the world Antarctica is the epitome of the unknown.

Coursework fiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Coursework fiction - Essay Example but to my surprise the article stated at the end that both of his parents died since he was two years old and after which his grandparents took care of him. I was very sad and badly bothered by that fact. My own beloved father died three years ago. What if my mom will leave me too? It was a frightening moment then. It was my first day in high school. I was enrolled in a Catholic institution. My mind was just centered on the idea that I have to be the top of our class. I didn’t mind about my physical appearance for unknown reasons. Some said I look weird but I did not care. My motto was, â€Å"Do your own business and I will do mine as long as you will not step on my inherent rights.† Surprisingly, things did not happen as I planned it to be. While I was eating in the school canteen, somebody sat beside me and asked if I could move a little. I knew she was a girl by the tone of her voice. When I saw her face, I couldn’t help but stare at her. She was very cute and pretty. The girl said, â€Å"Hello? Have you seen a ghost or something? Could you move a little please?† It was love at first sight in the very first day of school. From that moment, I was already conscious on my appearance. It was the first day then that I became interested with girls and discovered the life of a normal teenager in the land of United Kingdom. During that period, I realized how hard it was for the amputated boy to go to school. When I got home, my mom was surprised when I asked her to accompany me for shopping and grooming. I think she was curious enough to know that I liked someone in school. She suddenly asked me about my first day. The usual nod was replaced with a naughty answer, â€Å"Oh! It was great! Everyone seemed nice, friendly and accommodating. In other words, I like the school and the students.† My mom responded, â€Å"That’s good! I hope you made a good impression.† Then I replied, â€Å"Of course mom.† I was enlightened by that statement from my dearest mother.

Low cost carriers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Low cost carriers - Essay Example In this paper, an article published in the air transport management journal discussing the airport choice factors considered by low cost airlines in Europe will be evaluated while relating the relevance of the practice to tourism and hospitality. The passenger attitude determines the success level and indices of any project introduced into the market and thus the success of such a project in the end. An article published in the same journal on a case study conducted to evaluate the perception of passengers on low cost airlines and full service carriers will be evaluated. Articles on low cost carriers According to Smith and Potter (2005), the success of the low cost carriers, an increasingly significant means of transport in Europe, is influenced by the choice of the airport. This determines the success or failure of the airline with the increasing competition in the airline industry put into consideration. The authors thus conducted a survey of eight European airports to ascertain th e influence they have on the success of the different low cost carriers that uses its runways. The significant growth in the number of low cost carriers in Europe who are known to use regional or secondary airports has increased the competition among different airports that agitate to secure their services. This competition has been exploited by the low cost airlines to demand for reduced service cost thus enabling them to reduce their services tremendously and fit the budget of majority consumers. With the increasing competition for the low cost airlines by regional airport, most of these carriers have been enabled to put a number of factors into consideration when choosing the best airport to use. A number of factors are shown in this paper to influence the choices made these airline carriers when choosing the airport of choice. Ryanair, one of the main low cost airline companies in Europe has a number of considerations that it makes when choosing the airport of choice. These fact ors include the airport charges that each airport levies, the ability of the carriers and the planes to make a quick turnaround, presence of simple terminals and rapid check-in facilities. The availability of good passenger facilities and accessibility influences the attitude of the passengers when the airline company thus considers choosing the best airline and it. According to this evaluation, Smith and Potter (2005) generated from their study the impact that an airport catchment area has on the choices made by the airline companies. Regional or local airports that are located in areas where the demand for low cost carriers is high is considered highly by low cost airlines as this translates to increased passengers available to use the airlines. The services offered by low cost airlines fall under a specific niche and thus making low cost airlines sensitive to airports with the potential demand for their specific niche of services. Slot times for takeoff affects operation of an ai rline especially the low cost airline thus making it an important consideration for LCCs when choosing their airport of choice. Airports with convenient takeoffs, landing and turnaround schedules attract the services of most low cost airlines in Europe as compared to other airports that do not. Such slots must also be readily available during the day for the planes to enable the LCCs maximize fleet utilization. The fees charged by the

Heather Fraser, Mae Shaw and Paulo Freires View of Communitarianism Essay

Heather Fraser, Mae Shaw and Paulo Freires View of Communitarianism - Essay Example From the report findings it is clear a community represents a high level of employing an elementary preposition of political and social contribution. Neighbourhoods, families and churches all form part of the entire community despite the political and moral interpretations. Despite many differences across the globe, a community constitutes shared values and goals that coincide with the individual interests. In addition, community members have an instrumental value that built a personal relationship for different members to enjoy a sense of ownership. Most importantly, members of a community enjoy a sense of identity that allows them to enjoy various present conditions. The paper states that friendship has been an instrumental factor in defining different relationships. On other hand, this has failed in many instances, as it does not converge solidarity. Arguably, this is because of communal concerns and other issues such as sexual practices as well as understanding of the universe. Above all, communitarianism remains a viewpoint that has significantly affected the community. Despite going through change from one community to another, the term community probably remains an umbrella words that has not change meaning but only use. In his book, Four different approaches to community participation Heather Fraser presents a theoretical orientation of communitarianism from different approaches.

Case Study of Pepsico-2009 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Of Pepsico-2009 - Case Study Example The two key threats facing Pepsico may be seen as the considerable level of competition from key players in the market such as Coca-Cola and Kraft who both have large resources and capabilities to compete. In addition, the continuing economic downturn may be seen as a key threat to the company. Pepsico’s key weakness may be seen as one related to the company’s cost management system. While the company is financially strong, it has struggled to maintain costs proportionate to sales growth. Market Focus – In the first instance Pepsico should continue and accelerate a policy of expanding its core product range into new markets were there is considerable potential for sales growth. Such markets include China, the Middle East and Africa. Product Portfolio Analysis – It has become clear that there has been a large change in demand on the behalf of consumers in the US and Europe with declining sales in traditional carbonated drinks and rise in demand for healthier options. As such, in these geographic areas Pepsico should focus energies into developing and marketing a range of alternatives to the tradito9nal carbonated drink and develop a clear healthy brand. Cost Reductions – While the company is considerably profitable and has a strong balance sheet, costs have been rising disproportionately to sales growth. As such, Pepsico should embark on planed cost efficiency drive to help being expenses back into line with sales growth and maintain profit margins. The rational for undertaking the recommended action plan is based upon the consideration of a number of key factors. Changes to the product mix in the US and Europe are designed to take account of changes in consumer demands for healthier products. On the other hand, key opportunities exist for large scale expansion in markets such as China where there is

Human Physiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Physiology - Essay Example Resistance to flow through a vessel is also inversely related to its radius raised to the fourth power. Even a small decrease in the radius of the vessel would result in a large increase in the resistance to flow. At any given point in time the most important factors governing the smooth functioning of the blood circulatory system are volume, pressure, resistance and flow. For the optimal functioning of the system it requires a specific and a pressure that is necessary and sufficient to ensure the flow of blood through all body tissues. The relation between pressure (P), resistance (R) and blood flow (F) is given by the equation, F = P/R. P precisely is the difference in pressure between the two ends of the system. In pulmonary circulation the total resistance is approximated at 0.12 PRU. In this case, the flow of blood is the same as systemic circulation. However the pressure difference between the two ends of the system is much less. According to Poiseuilli, a French physician, flow of blood is also affected by viscosity of blood. It explains the resistance to flow due to the friction caused by the molecules present in the blood. Blood being a non-homogenous fluid, more number of molecules is present resulting in greater friction and hence increased resistance to flow. Porth C.

Love - consumer behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Love - consumer behavior - Assignment Example Promotions will offer these consumers more information that helps them to choose products (Solomon, Zaichkowsky & Polegato, 2011). Marketers should make the advertisements as attractive as possible to win customer’s loyalty. Consumers in the low-involvement hierarchy level do not have a variety of brand preference. Therefore, marketers should use high quality packaging to attract consumers who focus more on passive learning as they experiment on products. Self-satisfaction as stimulus-response connections is essential (Solomon, Zaichkowsky & Polegato, 2011). More so, they pay high prices for brand preferences, as they are more attracted to what they see as their choice. Experiental hierarchy level of consumers buys products depending on their motives and moods. As a result, marketers who use persuasive communication through placement get these consumers because they do not remain loyal to a brand (Solomon, Zaichkowsky & Polegato, 2011). More than often, the purchasing patterns of consumers in this level make a decision based on individual emotions as they tend to be influenced by ethnic, racial, religion, age. It is more relevant to understand that consumer behavior affects the purchasing decisions individuals undertake. As a result, marketers should focus on using the components of market mix to win more customers. More than often, they should focus on customers seeking loyalty to a given brand especially those in the standard and passive learning

How Does Music Influence Human Nature Particularly In the Youth Research Paper

How Does Music Influence Human Nature Particularly In the Youth - Research Paper Example f a person’s mood is turned into excitement when he or she listens to a particular type of music, every time that kind of music is played will lead to a subsequent change in the person’s mood. This is subsequently portrayed in his or her behavior as he or she listens to the music. According to the cognitive theory, the brain has the ability to learn through repeated experiences; thus, listening to music can train the brain to respond differently depending on the music on the background (O’Donnell Para 3). People have different preferences of music. This is because the brain in different people responds differently to different external stimuli. Among the youths, there is a growing trend of the young people forming their friendship cliques based on the type of music they enjoy. Those who listen to hip hop music will most likely only associate with their counterparts who enjoy similar genres of music. Following this societal phenomenon among the youths, there has e merged distinct cultures among the youths in which the members’ behaviors are unique and parallel to the behaviors depicted by the music artists (Chen, Miller & Grube 3). Learning in human beings is mainly through observation. When the youths watch music videos, they adopt the dressing styles from the musicians and they behave in the same way as they see the people in the video acting. This has eroded the minds of a large percentage of teenagers in the society. While the musicians may only be acting to market their music, the youths take their behaviors seriously and they end up behaving in ways that could be regarded as immoral. Many parents are complaining about their teenagers’ dressing styles, especially for the youths who listen to rap music (O’Donnell Para 4). The youth stage in life is a very... This paper stresses that music is a very feasible avenue for influencing change in the society. The changes in the society are normally as a result of changes on individuals within the community. Different types of music have different effects on the listeners. This is because some types of music have messages that easily alter the way of thinking of the listeners. In the world today, musicians make music with themes that are controversial on ethical grounds. Violence is the order of the day in the music industries, particularly when focusing on hip hop and rap music. It has been proven that the human mind learns a lot through observation and perception. This means that when the youths who are the major target group for musicians, listen and watch violent music, they are highly likely to embrace violence in their personalities. This report makes a conclusion that music may have a positive effect on the listeners. Music with positive messages has been used to influence the youths to quit their evil ways. The youth stage in life comes along with many challenges. Music is a feasible tool that has been used to guide the youths through the challenging times. Most musicians base the message in their music on their personal past experiences and this serves as a motivational factor to the youths going through similar experiences. Music changes the mood of people and they may use it to sooth themselves when they are nervous or when they are exhausted. Psychologists have used music as a viable treatment for certain mental conditions on nervousness. The behavior of the youths may be altered for the better through music

Alexander the Great from Macedonia Essay Example for Free

Alexander the Great from Macedonia Essay The cuisine of th Middle East has the same similarities as that of the Greeks for many reasons. According to history, Alexander the Great from Macedonia which is also known as Greece of todays world came to the Middle East in the 300 BC. This brought about many Greco influences into the lives of the Middle East people. Moreover, during the Roman Empire, the Greeks brought sweets and fruits to th region. As a matter of fact, there has been a continued trade of spices between the two regions that it has become a the spice center of the world. At the same time, the religion of the Middle east has a dominant role to play in their food traditions. Christianity in particular came from the Greek tradition. In Israel, the cuisine is considered to be international because of the diverse immigrants in the country. These immigrants range from countries like Greece to Turkey to Spain and to North Africa which influenced the way Israelites cook and prepare their food. At the same time, the North African cuisine such as that of Libya, Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia share similarities with most the Arabic tradition because of the Islamic conquest that happened in the 7th century. Most of their cuisines are influenced by the Arabs and the aboriginal peoples of the the region which are called Berbers. In addition, Egypt has large influence geographically. It is situated in North Africa which carries with it an Arabic tradition and culture. North Africa has always been considered Middle Eastern and Mediterranean in nature because of its geographical location. 4. Four of the most famous food in West Africa are Yassa, Sauce Canny, Diebou Dien, and Yam. The Yassa is made out of chicken or lamb with a citrus or a lime in it as a flavoring. It could also be made with fish or vegetables. The saucy Canny is made out of onions, garlics, and shallots which is mainly used as an accompaniment to may of West Africas dishes. The Deibou Dien is composed of fresh and dried fish with onions and tomatoes. It also has as many vegetables as possible such as an eggplant, a manioc, turnips, white radish, cabbage, and carrots. In East Africa, the common foods are Niker Kebboh and Alecha. Niter Kebboh is made up of butter with spices like ginger, garlic, and cinnamon. Alecha on one hand is a stew made of chicken or beef or other kinds of meat. It is accompanied with bread. It is usually dipped into the spicy dishes and once its already soaked up the it is lifted into the mouth. 5.

Libel Essay Example for Free

Libel Essay The civil liberties that the American people have are described as inalienable rights. One of the most important of these rights is the freedom of speech. Yet freedom of speech is not entirely protected; the First Amendment does not protect publishers of libel. Libel is defined as a false and malicious publication printed for the purpose of defaming a living person. The First Amendment provides a great deal of protection to the press in cases involving libel of public figures. This protection is considered necessary to ensure that the government will not restrict the flow of accurate information. The crime of libel has the following elements defamation, publication, the statement must be heard or seen by someone other than victim and source; identification, the statement must somehow identify its intended victim; falsity the statement must, and actual malice. Some of the significant court cases concerning libel are New York Times Co. v Sullivan (1964), Behrendt v. Times Mirror (1938), Pauling v. Globe Democrat (1967), Kervorkian v. American Medical Association (1999), Washington Post v. Kennedy (1924), and Hutchinson v. Proxmire (1979). Defamation is defined as â€Å"the act of injuring someone’s character or reputation by false statements. † [1] Cases of defamation are only considered attacks on if they are made in a vindictive or malicious manner. One of the most important Supreme Court decisions concerning libel of public officials took place in 1964. This case was New York Times Co. v. Sullivan. This case was about the alleged libel of L.B. Sullivan in the New York Times magazine. The magazine published an editorial advertisement entitled, â€Å"Heed Their Rising Voices† by the Committee to Defend Martin Luther King. [2] The full-page advertisement detailed abuses suffered by African American students by the police in Montgomery, Alabama. Even though he was not directly mentioned in the article, L. B. Sullivan, the city commissioner in charge of the police department sued the magazine and four African American individuals listed as officers of the committee. Sullivan demanded retraction from the paper; after not receiving a retraction he sued. At trial, Sullivan argued that advertisements are not protected by the First Amendment and after a brief deliberation, the jury decided in favor of Sullivan awarding him damages of 500,000. [3] The award was upheld by the Alabama Supreme Court. However, the Supreme Court of the United States reversed the decision of the lower courts. The Court declared that, although commercial advertisements may not be protected under the First Amendment, editorial advertisements were. Additionally, the Court ruled that the First and 14th Amendments require a public official suing for defamation to prove that the allegedly defamatory comments were made with â€Å"actual malice that is, with knowledge that if was false or with reckless disregard of whether it was false or not. †[4] With these words the Court added a new criterion to test whether a criticism was punishable. Not only did the words have to be false and cause damage to the person’s reputation, they also had to be made with the knowledge that they were false. The Sullivan decision was hailed as a victory for a free press. Ralph A. Behrend and R. Allen Behrendt both worked at same hospital; LA Times charged Dr. Behrendt with the theft of narcotics and accused him of being an addict until his health had become destroyed. [5] When actually it was Dr. Behrend, a resident doctor who committed the crime. Dr. Behrendt sued and won because the publication involved an attempted reference to an individual so vague that it could refer to more than one person[6] In early 1975, Senator William Proxmire implemented what he called the Golden Fleece Award of the Month. The award was given out to governmental agencies which sponsored programs and research that Proxmire found to be a waste of tax dollars. One Golden Fleece went to federal agencies sponsoring the research of Ronald Hutchinson, a behavioral scientist. Proxmire detailed the nonsense of Hutchinsons research on the floor of the Senate, in conferences with his staff, and in a newsletter sent to over 100,000 of his constituents. Hutchinson sued for libel, arguing that Proxmires statements defamed his character and caused him to endure financial loss and emotional anguish. This case explored the scope of protection afforded members of Congress by the Constitutions Speech and Debate Clause of the Constitution. The Court upheld the decision of the lower courts and held that Proxmires statements in his newsletters and press releases were not protected by the Speech and Debate Clause. However, in upholding this ruling, the Court also found that Proxmires statements were not made with actual malice and thus, were not libelous. Furthermore, the Court decided that Hutchinson was not a public figure since he only gained media attention because of Proxmires actions and did not personally seek it. Because of this, the standard established by New York Times v. Sullivan was not applicable. There are several important points established by this case, first, â€Å"absolute privilege has limits even when public officials utter defamatory statements as part of their perceived official duties, and individuals do not become public officials simply by virtue, nor can they be made public figures by the creation of controversy by someone else.

Survival Outcome Neonates Early Sepsis Health And Social Care Essay

Survival Outcome Neonates Early Sepsis Health And Social Care Essay A Retrospective Comparative Study on the Survival Outcome of Neoates with Early -Onset Sepsis with Sclerema Given Fresh Frozen Plasma at Davao Medical Centern Nursery-A One Year Review Objectives: To determine and compare the survival outcome of patients with early onset neonatal sepsis with sclerema given fresh frozen plasma plus standard therapy of neonatal sepsis to those who were only given standard therapy alone. Fresh Frozen plasma contains immunologic factors which is deficient in a neonate. This study would help us validate the role of FFP transfusion in a sick neonate with sclerema. Design: Cohort Study design Setting: Tertiary care hospital Participants:All neonates presenting with clinical signs of neonatal sepsis with sclerema admitteded at Davao Medical Center nursery for the year 2008. Results and Conclusion: INTRODUCTION Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome of bacteremia characterized by systemic signs and symptoms of infection in the first month of life1. It has taken so many lives of newborn babies. The mortality rate continuously increases especially in the third world countries like the Philippines so that early recognition, diagnosis and treatment of infection is important because it is largely a preventable disease. Neonatal Sepsis can be divided into two main classes depending on the onset of symptoms related to sepsis- early-onset and late-onset neonatal sepsis2. Early onset is mainly due to antepartum infections vertically transmitted while late-onset is the combination of the former and nosocomial infection. The incidence of neonatal sepsis varies from one institution to another with higher rates in developing countries. In the United States , the incidence of a culture-proven sepsis is approximately 2 per 1000 livebirths and increases to 25 per 1000 livebirths in infants with birthweight less than 1500 grams3. It is considered to be a major cause of fatality during the first month of life contributing to 13-15% of all neonatal deaths with highest rates seen in premature infants and in small for gestational age infants. The mortality rate in neonatal sepsis may be as high as 50% for infants who are not treated3. A local study conducted at MCU-FDTMF Hospital nursery found the incidence of neonatal septicemia to be 9.6 %4 as compared to other studies at UP PGH which is 5.5%. At Davao Medical Center the incidence and the case fatality rate of neonatal sepsis for the year 2008 are about 5/1000 livebirths and 1.3% respectively5. Considering the nonspecificity of the early clinical signs of neonatal sepsis and the neonates relative state of immunosuppression, early diagnosis and treatment is of utmost important. The mainstay of treatment is antibiotic. Supportive management is geared towards thermoregulation to prevent hypothermia or hyperthermia, ensuring good ventilation/oxygenation to vital tissues, provision of optimal nutrition preferably with enteral feeding or TPN, prevention of hypoglycemia and electrolyte imbalance by administration of parenteral fluids and vasopressors for hypotension. Adjunctive therapy includes fresh frozen plasma transfusion, exchange transfusion, immunoglobulin therapy, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, and granulocyte transfusion. Sclerema is the uniform hardening of the skin and subcutaneous tissues to the extent that the skin could not be pitted nor picked up or pinched into a fold6.It is considered as a sign of a potentially fatal underlying disease process like neonatal sepsis especially gram- negative sepsis. Neonatal septicemia is invariably fatal when associated with sclerema7. Its reported mortality rates range from 67-88% with death occurring hours to days after onset8. Although literature about the benefits of Fresh Frozen Plasma transfusion in septic neonates with sclerema is scarce, our experienced at SPMC nursery suggests improved outcome from neonatal sepsis with sclerema when given FFP. We do not give FFP to septic neonates without sclerema. We are doing this study to validate if indeed our perception is correct and if this practice is valid. The study will be limited to comparison of septic patients with sclerema only. This preselects the most seriously ill patients. By limiting the study to early onset neonatal sepsis, opportunistic infections from less virulent pathogens like candida and staphylococcus epidermides are likely to be excluded and infection is most likely vertically transmitted and not nosocomial. This is to limit the varaiables due to etiologic agents that may affect outcome and interpretation of the result. Review of Related Literature The defense system of the human body consists of three components: physical , cellular and humoral. Neonates are particularly deficient in all three so that a more aggressive management is mandatory to improve survival outcome when neonates develop septicemia. The physical and chemical barriers to infection in the human body are present in the newborn but are functionally deficient. The skin of a preterm infant is only a few cell-layers thick and is poorly cornified hence can easily be damaged paving the way for infection. The protective fatty acid production is also low making them more vulnerable. At 23 weeks gestational age the fetus possesses T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes, polymorphonuclear cells and the capacity to synthesize all known immune factors. The ability of the T and B lymphocytes to produce cytokines is less in comparison to adults, however neonates are capable of generating appropriate adaptive immune responses. Langerhans cells are important in local infection and are present in the neonate at 18 weeks gestation. Phagocytes from preterm neonates show normal activity when suspended in normal adult serum, however neonatal serum is deficient in immunoglobulin and complement so there is a marked reduction in adherence and chemotaxis. The neonatal neutrophil or polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell, which is vital for effective killing of bacteria is deficient in chemotaxis and killing capacity. Also neonatal PMNs are less deformable therefore they are less able to move through the extracellular matrix of tissues to reach the site of inflammation and infection. The limited ability of neonate for phagocytosis and killing of bacteria is further impaired when the infant is clinically ill. Lastly neutrophil reserves are easily depleted because of the diminished response of the bone marrow especially in the premature infant. The neonate is capable of synthesizing IgM in utero at 10 weeks gestation, however IgM levels are generally low at birth unless the infant was exposed to an infectious agent during the pregnancy, thereby stimulating increased IgM production. During pregnancy IgG is transported actively and passively across the placenta from about the 20th week of gestation and at full term the neonates IgG levels are higher than his mothers levels. The IgG in an infants plasma has a half-life of about three weeks.Until the infant is able to generate his own IgG, IgM and IgA there is a period of postnatal hypogammaglobulinemia. In a preterm neonate of 26 weeks gestation the plasma IgG levels are markedly lower and diminish to ineffective levels very quickly, increasing the risk of infection. Complement protein production can be detected as early as 6 weeks gestation; however the concentration of the various components of the complement system widely varies among individual neonates. While some infants have had complement levels comparable with those in adults, deficiencies appear to be greater in the alternative pathway than in the classic pathway. The terminal cytotoxic components of the complement cascade that leads to killing of organisms, especially gram-negative bacteria are deficient. The deficiency is more marked in preterm infants. Mature complement activity is not reached until infants are aged 6-10 months. Neonatal sera have reduced opsonic deficiency against GBS, E. coli, and S pneumoniae because of decreased levels of fibronectin, a serum protein that assists with neutrophil adherence and has opsonic properties. Most common organisms causing early- onset neonatal sepsis include group B streptococci, gram -negative enteric organisms like E. coli. Listeria monocytogenes and Klebsiella are also a common isolates. Less common organisms include staphylococcus, other streptococci, anaerobes, and Haemophilus influenza9. The host-defence mechanism of neonates are immature. They have a markedly decrease levels of C3, Cy properdin and factor B which are very important in the alternative pathway of complement. Levels of IgM and IgA are also low at birth. Although IgG levels may be normal in term neonates, it is low in preterm infants. These relative deficiency of the neonates immune system complicated by low birthweight and decreasing age of gestation makes them more susceptible to life threatening infections10. Sadana,et al mentioned that the incomplete development of the host defense system of the neonate is largely responsible for the high mortality in neonatal sepsis11.In his study an increase in the levels of IgG, IgM, IgA andC3 was noted after exchange transfusion.Exchange transfusion offers removal of bacteria and toxins, improves oxygenation and perfusion as well as decreases hemorrhagic complications. The relative immunodeficiency state and susceptibility to sepsis and complications is the impetus for exploring treatment modalities other than antibiotics. There was an increase in the levels of IgG antibodies in septicemia patients with coagulase negative staphylococcus after FFP administration in the study made by Krediet, et al12 The neonate being deficient in both humoral and cellular immunity is more vulnerable to infection. There are literature that suggests the usage of Fresh Frozen Plasma in patients with neonatal sepsis to compensate for the immunologic deficiencies. FFP improves neonatal chemotaxis, provides humoral or cellular factors13 and increases the levels of immunoglobulin such as IgG, IgA and IgM. FFP remains the only approved source of factors V,XI, protein C, protein S and plasminogen14 and basically all the clotting factors. Others would say that FFP transfusion in neonatal sepsis is good because it increases levels of IgG, IgA and IgM15 that will increase chances of survival. FFP contains immunoglobulins anc complement factors16. Fresh frozen plasma, the plasma separated from a unit of whole blood and frozen at -18 oC within 8 hours of collection. It is a platelet-poor plasma17.Each bag has a volume of 175 to 250 ml and contains between 1 and 2 units of each coagulation factor per ml and 400 to 800 mg fibrinogen. It contains fibrinolytic and complement factors. It carries the same risks of viral transmission as other blood components and can cause allergic reactions and fluid overload. Indications for fresh frozen plasma, once used routinely in the support of critically ill-infants and children, have become more specific as evolving evidence has confirmed or disproved the efficacy of plasma in various circumstances. Fresh frozen plasma is currently indicated to treat the coagulopathies of massive hemorrhage, liver failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation and sepsis18. In an infant the fat has a higher saturated- to-unsaturated fatty acid ratio compared to adult fat and thus a higher melting point. Prematurity, hypothermia and shock and anatomic abnormalities have been postulated to further increase this ratio,possibly as a result of enzymatic alteration allowing precipitation of fatty acid crystals within the lipocytes. This condition has been suggested to result in the dramatic clinical findings in the affected skin. Xray diffraction techniques have confirmed that infants with sclerema have an increase in saturated fats and that the crystals within the fat cells are composed of triglycerides. The exact incidence of sclerema neonatorum is unknown . All studies describe SN as extremely rare. The number of reported case in recent years have declined, probably as a result of a better neonatal care. Because sclerema neonatorum invariably is associated with serious underlying disease process, the mortality rate is high. In different series, the reported mortality rates range from 67-88%, with death occuring hours to days after onset. If the underlying disease is treated successfuly, the skin softens and returns to normal. Sclerema neonatorum shows a slight male preponderance, with an estimated male-to-female ratio of 1.5:1. Sclerema neonatorum is a disease confined to the newborn period. It can present at birth, but onset within the first week of life is more common. The oldest reported infant presented with Pseudomonas septicemia is 106 days old. According to literature one half of the affected infants are premature, , and the others are full term but have a serious underlying disease. They are often of low birth weight and have cyanosis and low apgar scores.In one series, 75% of the mothers were healthy, while 25% had preeclampsia, placenta previa, or infection. Labor is usually normal and the delivery is spontaneous and nontraumatic. Physical findings appear suddenly, first on the thighs and on the buttocks and then spreading rapidly often affecting all parts of the body except the palms and the soles and the genitalia. The involved skin is pale, waxy, and firm to palpation. The skin cannot be pitted or pinched up because it is bound to the underlying tissues. The affected infant often dispalys flexion contractures at the elbows, knees and hips, temperature instability, restricted respiration, difficulty in feeding and decrease in spontaneous movement.17 Recognition and the prompt institution of therapy specific to the underlying disease process are mandatory such as antibiotics, steroids, exchange transfusions and FFP transfusion. Definition of Terms Neonatal sepsis- It is a clinical syndrome of bacteremia characterized by systemic signs and symptoms of infection in the first month of life. Neonatal sepsis encompasses systemic infections of the newborn including septicemia, meningitis, pneumonia, arthritis, osteomyelitis and urinary tract infection of the newborn19. Associated factors for early onset neonatal sepsis include lowbirthweight, PROM, foul smelling liquor, multiple vaginal examinations and maternal fever20 Early onset neonatal sepsis- It usually presents within the first 48 hours of life. In severe cases, the neonate may be symptomatic in utero, (fetal tachycardia, poor beat to beat variability) or within the first few hours after birth. The source of the infection is generally in the maternal genital, gastrointestinal, urinary tract . Clinically neonates usually present with respiratory distress and pneumonia. Presence of some perinatal risk factors has been associated with an increased risk of early onset sepsis. Frozen Frozen Plasma It is the plasma removed from a unit of whole blood and frozen at or below 55 degrees Fahrenheit within 8 hours of collection. It contains all the coagulation factors in normal amounts and is free of red cells, leukocytes and platelets. It is not a concentrate of clotting factors. Sclerema Neonatorum- It is derived from the Greek word sclerosmeaning hard. It is considered best as a sign of a potentially fatal underlying disease process in the newborn period. Physical findings appear suddenly first on the thighs and buttocks and then spreading rapidly, often affecting all parts of the body except the palms, soles and genitalia. The involved skin is pale, waxy and firm to palpation. The skin cannot be pitted or pinched up because it is bound to the underlying tissues.It can present at birth but onset within the first week of life is more common. Associated underlying conditions include septicemia, pneumonia, hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, respiratory distress syndrome, congenital heart defects, gastroenteritis and intestinal obstruction. Clinical Signs of Neonatal Sepsis: (At least 2 clinical signs supported by laboratory findings) 1.sclerema 2.hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia 3.temperature instability 4.tachypnea/respiratory distress 5.Apnea 6.Poor perfusion Laboratory findings: 1..I/T ratio> 0.2 2.leukopenia 3.Neutropenia 4.Thrombocytopenia Research Question Will FFP transfusion improves the survival outcome of the sick neonates with early onset neonatal sepsis with sclerema given the standard therapy plus FFP? Is the use of FFP justifiable in the treatment of neonatal sepsis with sclerema in terms of cost and survival outcome? Significance of the study Many studies have been done to improve the survival outcome of neonates with septicemia. The progress in terms of the available adjuctive therapies in the treatment of neonatal sepsis entail a higher cost which is an issue to our marginalized patients who cannot afford such expensive add on treatment hence inspired the researcher to study fresh frozen plasma transfusion which is much more affordable and readily available to the neonates with septicemia particularly with sclerema. FFP contains immunologic factors helping the immunologically deficient neonate in fighting serious infections. This study aims to evaluate the effects of FFP transfusion in the subset of neonates with high case fatality rate. They are the candidates that would benefit from the terminal cytotoxic complement with the coagulation cascade that FFP may provide. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY General Objective: To determine and compare the survival outcome of patients with early- onset neonatal sepsis with sclerema given the standard therapy (antibiotic + supportive care ) plus fresh frozen plasma to those with early -onset neonatal sepsis given only the standard therapy (antibiotic + supportive care ) at Southern Philippines Medical Center- Nursery for the year 2008 . Specific Objectives: Determine the incidence of sclerema in early onset neonatal sepsis in SPMC. Determine the rate of early onset neonatal sepsis with sclerema in SPMC. Determine the mortality rate of neonates with early onset sepsis with sclerema. Identify the possible the maternal fetal/neonatal factors related to early neonatal sepsis with sclerema Compare the outcome 1.resolution of sclerema Chapter 2 METHODOLOGY Study Design This paper will be an observational descriptive and comparative study on the survival outcome of patients with neonatal sepsis with sclerema admitted at Southern Philippines Medical Center for the year 2008 using a Cohort study design. Population This study will include all neonates with early-onset neonatal sepsis with sclerema admitted at Southern Philippines Medical Center -Nursery for the year 2008. Inclusion criteria: All neonates admitted at Southern Philippines Medical Center -Nursery who presents with the clinical signs of early- onset neonatal sepsis with sclerema. Exclusion criteria: 1.All neonates presenting with clinical signs of neonatal sepsis with sclerema occurring beyond 48 hours of life. 2. All non-institutional deliveries presenting with early onset neonatal sepsis with sclerema. 3. All neonates admitted at the NICU with obvious congenital anomalies like syndromic features, cleft lip and palate etc. Data Collection Data will be collected by the researcher through a retrospective chart review. The researcher will scan and evaluate each chart of the patient with neonatal sepsis for the presence of sclerema in the progress notes. A data sheet will be use for each patient.Research consultant will be asked for validation of diagnosis. Independent variable -Fresh Frozen Plasma transfusion Dependent variable- survival outcome of neonates with early onset sepsis with sclerema Sample Size: All neonates admitted at Southern Philippines Medical Center-Nursery who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the year 2008 will be used as a sample in this study. Data Analysis: correlation coefficient and odds ratio will be used to summarize the data for the comparative part. Means and standard deviation for the descriptive part and percentage and rates as per standard definition. Ethical Consideration The approval of the hospital research committee and the ethics committee will be sought before the conduct of the study. No identification data or marks will be placed in each patient included in the study. The data will be kept by the researcher for 5 years. Table 1.Patient clinical profile Name: AGA___SGA___LGA___ Age: Weight: AOG: Sex: Medical record number: length of stay in the hospital: Date of admission : Date of discharge: Diagnosis upon admission: Final diagnosis: OUTCOME: [ ] died [ ]survived [ ] HAMA [ ] transferred [ ]transout to blue area Cause of death: Age at onset of sepsis(hours) Age at onset of sclerema(hours) Antibiotics Ampicillin/Gentamycin Cefotaxime/Amikacin Piperacillin + Tazobactam/Amikacin Meropenem Cefepime Neonatal risk factors Birthweight 1.VLBW 2.LBW 3.normal weight 4.LGA APGAR SCORE (5 minute) 0-3 4-6 7-10 Ballard Scoring 34-37 >37 Comorbidities Neonatal pneumonia Meconium aspiration Intubation Pulmonary hypertension Pneumothorax Others (specify) MATERNAL RISK FACTORS Premature labor and delivery Prolong Rupture of membrane Antenatal Steroid Chorioamnionitis Manipulative Operative Delivery Maternal infection within 2 weeks of delivery UTI RTI Preeclampsia/eclampsia Placenta previa/ abruptio Others (specify) SCLEREMA Hours first noted FFP transfusion Yes /hours before transfusion No Resolution of sclerema post FFP Yes- number of hours first noted resolution No- OUTCOME Died Survived COMPLICATIONS NOTED Table 2. ANTIBIOTICS Standard care+FFP Standard care Total No. % No. % No. % Ampicillin+Gentamycin Cefotaxime +Amikacin Piptazo+Amikacin Meropenem Cefepime Total Table 2.BIRTHWEIGHT Standard care+FFP Standard care Total No. % No. % No. % VLBW LBW AGA LGA Total Table 3. APGAR SCORE(5 MINUTE) Standard care+FFP Standard care Total No. % No. % No. % 0-3 4-6 7-10 Total Table 4. BALLARDS SCORE Standard care+FFP Standard care Total No. % No. % No. % 34-37 weeks >37 weeks Total Table 5. Comorbidities Standard care+FFP Standard care Total No. % No. % No. % Neonatal pneumonia Meconium aspiration Intubation Pulmonary hypertension Pneumothorax Others (specify) Total Table 6. Maternal Risk Factors Antibiotic+Standard care+ FFP Antibiotic +Standard care Total No. % No. % No. % Preterm labor/delivery RBOW Antenatal Steroid Chorioamnionitis Operative Delivery Maternal infection UTI RTI Preeclampsia/eclampsia Placenta previa /abruptio Others (specify) Total Table 7. Onset and Resolution of Sclerema Antibiotic+Standard care+ FFP Antibiotic +Standard care only Onset resolution Total time of sclerema Table 8. Outcome Survived Dead Total No. % No. % No. % Antibiotic+Standard care+ FFP Antibiotic +Standard care Total Conceptual framework: Babies admitted at DMC nursery 2008 No sepsis Compare results Sepsis with sclerema Antibiotic+Standard care+ FFP Antibiotic +Standard care Sepsis without sclerema Early-onset neonatal sepsis COST/BUDGET: COUPON BOND.P.400.00 PRINTINGP700.00 RESEARCH MATERIALS ..1,000.00 ______________________ P 2,100.00 TIME TABLE (May 2009- December 2010) May PRESENTATION TO RESEARCH COMMITTEE AND ETHICS June -October DATA GATHERING November PRESENTATION OF RESULTS December SUBMISSION OF HARD COPIES

Ethics and Education :: Free Essays Online

Ethics and Education Before one decides whether or not morals should be a standard part of American public school education, one first must figure out what the purpose of education is. This is a difficult question to answer. Some would say that the purpose of education is to learn facts. Others would add to that and say that one's education should include facts and ideas. Perhaps the goal of education is to create well rounded people who are prepared to face the world around them. Perhaps education should be the pursuit of truth, however, in order to pursue truth, one must also define verity. How do you say which, or who's morals are true or untrue? An important aspect of defining education is deciding what areas of a person's education must be acquired in school, and what areas should be learned elsewhere. The area of morals is sticky in this respect. It is very difficult to know where to draw the line. When deciding this one must figure out where the responsibility of parents ends and where responsibility begins for teachers. One could argue that teachers have the task of being educators and parents the job of care-giving, so therefore all learning, including morals should occur within the schools. This is difficult to say though, because the line between teaching and care-giving is also fuzzy. Part of care-giving is making sure that one's child does not hurt him or her self or others, and that involves teaching. Similarly, part of teaching is making sure that the child is able to learn, which involves care-giving. In modern day society children spend a very large percentage of their time in school, and perhaps to enough time at home for their parents to effectively instill all the morals they need to learn in order to be ethical human beings. Because of this it could be argued that it is the responsibility of schools to teach morals in order for their to be any kind of ethical society at all. By not actively teaching morals it is possible that schools are passively teaching to be immoral. Another question to be raised is whether or not morals need to be learned in order ro function in other areas of education. If this is the case, then another question is whether or not the schools should be responsible for instilling those morals, or if they should expect the Ethics and Education :: Free Essays Online Ethics and Education Before one decides whether or not morals should be a standard part of American public school education, one first must figure out what the purpose of education is. This is a difficult question to answer. Some would say that the purpose of education is to learn facts. Others would add to that and say that one's education should include facts and ideas. Perhaps the goal of education is to create well rounded people who are prepared to face the world around them. Perhaps education should be the pursuit of truth, however, in order to pursue truth, one must also define verity. How do you say which, or who's morals are true or untrue? An important aspect of defining education is deciding what areas of a person's education must be acquired in school, and what areas should be learned elsewhere. The area of morals is sticky in this respect. It is very difficult to know where to draw the line. When deciding this one must figure out where the responsibility of parents ends and where responsibility begins for teachers. One could argue that teachers have the task of being educators and parents the job of care-giving, so therefore all learning, including morals should occur within the schools. This is difficult to say though, because the line between teaching and care-giving is also fuzzy. Part of care-giving is making sure that one's child does not hurt him or her self or others, and that involves teaching. Similarly, part of teaching is making sure that the child is able to learn, which involves care-giving. In modern day society children spend a very large percentage of their time in school, and perhaps to enough time at home for their parents to effectively instill all the morals they need to learn in order to be ethical human beings. Because of this it could be argued that it is the responsibility of schools to teach morals in order for their to be any kind of ethical society at all. By not actively teaching morals it is possible that schools are passively teaching to be immoral. Another question to be raised is whether or not morals need to be learned in order ro function in other areas of education. If this is the case, then another question is whether or not the schools should be responsible for instilling those morals, or if they should expect the

The Telephone And Its Corporation :: History Communication Phone Essays

The Telephone And Its Corporation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The phone is easily one of man’s most important, useful and taken for granted inventions. The telephone has outgrown the ridicule with which it first received, now in most places taken for granted, it is a part of many people’s daily lives. It marvelously extended the ways man converses that it is now an indispensable help to whoever would live the convenient life. All disadvantage of being deaf and mute to any persons, which was universal before the advent of the telephone, has now happily been overcome. Before I tell of the history of how the telephone was constructed and put in to place I will tell of the past of communications.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ever since the ability of language and written language the most popular form of communication was done through a letter. Others were as documented in 1200 BC in Homer’s Illiad were signal fires. Carrier pigeons were used in the Olympic games to send messages from 700 BC to 300 AD. In 1791 the Chappe brothers created the Semaphore system; they were two teens in France who wanted to be able to contact each other from their different school campuses. This system consisted of a pole with movable arms, which the positions took the place of letters of the alphabet. Two years later this idea had caught on and was being used in France, Italy, Russia, and Germany. Two semaphore systems were built in the U.S. in Boston and on Martha’s Vineyard; soon Congress was asked to fund a project for a semaphore system running from New York City to New Orleans. Samuel Morse told Congress that not to fund the project because he was developing the electric telegraph. Soon Samuel Morse developed his electric telegraph he demonstrated it in 1844 it caught on and by 1851 51 telegraph companies were in operation. And it continued to grow to 2250 telegraph offices nationwide. In 1876 Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alexander Graham Bell was born on March 3, 1847 in Edinburgh. He grew up deeply involved in the study of speech due to his father and grandfathers work. He was also a talented musician able to play by ear from a very early age, and, had he not been more interested in what his father was doing to help people speak, he might have ended up as a professional musician. He and his two brothers built a model human skull and filled it with a good enough reproduction of the human vocal apparatus, which worked with a bellows, so it would be able to say, "Ma-ma.

affirmative action Essay -- essays research papers

Introduction: Affirmative action in higher education should be abolished. College admissions should be based on what the admissions board is looking for, not what the government says should be required. In this paper, I will present evidence to support that position. At one time, affirmative action was a needed and legitimate policy. Segregation has existed way too much in the past and has left people out of jobs, out of certain areas of town, and schooling. We needed to make a law that would get rid of segregation, and help everybody assimilate or just live peacefully without discrimination. When a majority the southern where rebelling and would not allow African Americans in their stores, schools, etc, affirmative action was justifiable. But is it today? Much of the affirmative action debate is, and should be centered on education. Many of the critics whom at one time also believed that the preferential treatment shown to lower the discrimination towards minority groups is something that should be eliminated. Being that American society has become less discriminatory, affirmative action may be less necessary. Discrimination is something that will always be an issue; there will always be backwards individuals who cannot overlook their own prejudices for the greater good. However, there are fewer of these people. With declines in racism, we should also seek to eliminate the reverse racism now being displayed towards college while male applicants. This is an issue that effects potential students, and those who get rejected merely apply to another school. How can this issue of accepting minorities over others because be brought to the attention of the lawmakers without making it seem as if there will be less opportunities for minority groups? Equality is a very sensitive topic that has to be danced around with the potential for a misconception of what is trying to be achieved. In the early 1960's the federal government implemented programs such as the National Defense Student Loan Program (NDSL), work-study programs, and the National Defense Educational Act (NDEA). These programs made it easier for minority groups, especially African Americans, to receive financial help. Equal opportunity grants also helped enroll more minorities, especially blacks. At the time, these ... ... succeeding in the collegiate environment. A fallacy that is prevalent is that minorities score much lower then the white majority. This is not true; there is a small gap, but it is not significant. Yes minorities quite often do have to deal with crowded classrooms, teachers with less advanced degrees, and the lack of counseling recourses that are available for predominantly white, suburban schools. However, is this a reason to give funding to those who lack? America is based on the ideological belief that "you can be whatever you want to be, or, work hard enough and you will achieve your goals." To place this belief in the minds of all youth should be enough. To place this in the minds of all the same youth but then give preferential treatment to the minority class is a blatant display of reverse racism that should be done away with henceforth. References Cited The College Board Review; August 1999, No.188 Leonard Biard-College Student; September 2001 V.35, No. 3 Comparative Educational Review V.47; No.1, February 2003 The College Board Review; No.189/190, January 2000 College and University Journal V.79; No.1, Summer 2003 Educational Theory; Winter 2002,V.52 N.1

The Three Little College

Students Once Upon a time, there were three piglet sisters who decided to take the next step in their life a go to college. After twelve years of grade school the felt that going to college was greatest achievements of all. The three piglets' names were: Jasmine who was majoring in Nursing, Vanessa who was majoring in Criminal Justice, and Elizabeth who was majoring in Accounting. They all had outstanding grades so there college of choice was ISIS. Before they knew it, they were now known as the USC Trojan!Moving day came along and they were all signed up to live in a dorm together which made the college experience even better. â€Å"Hey Jasmine, did you bring the hair dryer? † Vanessa asked, one's, sissy I brought the hair dryer and all our other hair supplies, don't worry. † Jasmine replied. These sisters Just wanted to make sure they had everything†¦. What do you know they made it to their dorm and were ready for their classes to start? Everyone's' classes starte d the next day. As the next day comes to an end the piglets meet In the dorm and tell each other how amazing everyone's classes are. This is amazing!!!! † Elizabeth shouted. As years go by and the sisters are closer and closer to their graduation date, they each decided that they should move into a small house with some other roommates. A few months go by and they moved into a house with four other people who they have been friends with since the beginning of their college experience. â€Å"Just a few more months left you guys! We can do this! † yelled out one of the roommates, Rebecca. Before they know It they are down to Just a few weeks till graduation. Everyone Is excited but that Is all bout to change.See what they didn't realize was that the City of Los Angels is known for having severe earthquakes during this time of year. So while all the girls made a visit to the mall†¦ BANTAM!!!!! Out of nowhere a 7. 8 earthquake struck the City of Los Angels! Things were thrown everywhere, people were falling, buildings were falling down to pieces, people were yelling! This earthquake was a very serious one and the coast wasn't clear until half an hour later! Can you Imagine?! The girls were safe because they made the best choice and found a large sturdy table to take over underneath.The girls were devastated about what happened but they decided to not think about It and Just think about their soon to be graduation. As they headed back home, Jasmine yelled, â€Å"Ahhhhhhh, What happened here! † Their house collapsed from top to bottom, they then realized their house was right above the San Andrea Fault. Jasmine and Rebecca started sobbing, no one knew what to do. Elizabeth starting talking to the girls and said, † Common you guys we can't let this get to us we are close to graduation we need to be excited not sobbing tears even If our house Is own to pieces, In the mean time we can stay at my Grandmas house. â€Å". â€Å"Ahhhhhhhh!! !! â€Å", â€Å"Wahoo†, ‘Yahoo! † the crowd shouted. The girls were graduating after four long years. The girls, ‘We did It you guys! † 3 PIGS By Jog]tailboard college of choice was USC. Before they knew it, they were now known as the USC the hair dryer? † Vanessa asked, miss, sissy I brought the hair dryer and all our other comes to an end the piglets meet in the dorm and tell each other how amazing guys! We can do this! † yelled out one of the roommates, Rebecca. Before they know it hey are down to Just a few weeks till graduation.Everyone is excited but that is all one and the coast wasn't clear until half an hour later! Can you imagine?! The girls to not think about it and Just think about their soon to be graduation. As they headed are close to graduation we need to be excited not sobbing tears even if our house is down to pieces, In the mean time we can stay at my Grandmas house. ,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. â€Å"Ahhhhhhhh!!!! â€Å", †Å"Wahoo†, Niamey! † the crowd shouted. The girls were graduating after four long years. The girls, â€Å"We did it you guys! †

Foreign literature Essay

M all scholarly persons who come from other countries to study in the US inclination to stay and form afterwards graduation. This all toldows them to pass their exploration of a different culture, magic spell at the same clipping direct lord experience that ordain move on their c arers.The pursuance is an overview of oeuvre options for foreign bailiwick educatees graduating from US colleges and universities, according to the rolesetters case of indorse they hold. Note that these options arse remove at any season so students should keep back with the resources taked below for the latest regulations and flesh out or if appropriate a professional service specializing in assisting global students and workers in the US.Student endorses for US interlocking twain undergraduate and graduate students hatful hope to remain in the US for engagement-based planning for 12-18 months after completion of their studies, depending on their indorse experimental condit ion. The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS, formerly cognize as INS) defines this training as business related to the students business of study. Without proper authorization, off-campus employment is illegal.Optional pragmatical genteelness for contrasted Student Visa (F-1) Holders Most international students are Foreign Student Visa (F-1) holders. After they dumbfound holy a course of study, F-1 students can practice for Optional functional readiness ( choose), which allows them to work up to 12 months following the receipt of a degree. (Each degree, starting with the unmarried mans, essential be a higher(prenominal) degree than the previous i.)Steps to fall in for OPT includeMake an try-on with an international student consultant that is plan at least 3 months in advance the end of the plosive of study get a practical Training good word form from the naturalises international student work intercommunicate an faculty member consultant to c omplete the form go off USCIS arrive at I-765Photo imitation both sides of Form I-94Write check or silver order for $180 pay adequate to USCIS agree two passport photos of the student, and photocopy all passport pagesPhotocopy Form I-20Go to appointment with international student advisor with all of the abovematerials erst the OPT activity has been submitted, it takes 2-3 months to tempt an Employment license Document (EAD). Upon receipt of the Optional Practical Training authorization card, graduates can de jure work. After the EAD has been issues, the ap sanctiond period of time can non be changed. Therefore, students who have not perfect their studies by the date provided on their application will not be able to set out working full time until all their studies are completed, and they will not get back time lost.In some cases, once an employee reaches the end of their OPT, an employer whitethorn wish to sponsor them for an H1-B Temporary proletarian Visa ( catch below). This allows the employee to continue to work for that caller an additional 3-6 years.Academic Training for supercede Visitor Student Visa (J-1) Holders modify Visitor Student Visa (J-1) holders can apply for Academic Training (AT), which allows them to work off-campus in full-time, paying excogitates related to their field. The centre amount of time allotted for AT is 18 months (regardless of the fall of degrees obtained sequence examine in the US) and can be completed either forrader or after a graduates period of study. Both undergraduate and graduate-level students are eligible. Postdoctoral fellows are allowed to apply for an additional 18 months, for a total of 36 months of AT.Steps to apply for AT includeApplications for AT should be submitted at least two weeks precedent to the date employment is scheduled to beginObtain a job nominate letter from an employer that includes job title, brief comment of employment goals and objectives, dates and location of employmen t, number of hours per week, remuneration amount, andname and address of supervisorAsk the international student services exp whiznt for a recommendation form, and give to an academic advisor along with a copy of the job offer letter the advisors recommendation letter should take d ingest that the AT is an integral part of the students academic program chronicle an appointment with an international student services advisor and bring the above materials along with a current passportIf the J-1 amenable Officer evaluates the AT program and decides it iswarranted and appropriate, he or she will authorize the AT and issue a new DS-2019If one period of AT ends, or if the job ends, a new application must be submitted and authorization granted for any new period of AT. many J-1 students whitethorn have a two-year alkali country residence prerequisite, which prevents them from continuing employment with an H-1B visa (see below) after academic training, unless the requirement is waive d. Worker Visas for Long Term EmploymentH-1B Temporary Worker VisaOnce a period of Optional Practical Training or Academic Training is completed, Federal regulations require that employment be terminated. However, graduates may continue their employment if the USCIS approves a change in visa type to H-1B Temporary Worker, the most common type of work visa.There is a quota of how many another(prenominal) H-1B Visas can be granted per financial year (between October 1 and September 31). Some non-profit research institutions and universities are exempt.H-1B Visa holders must be sponsored by their current or prospective employer, and the position must be a professional one. The sponsoring organization petitions the USCIS and the division of Labor for the H1B, which can take 4-6 months before the employees new immigration status is granted. Employees cannot change companies without jeopardizing their visa status,and the visa ends when employment with that friendship ends, or after 6 years, whichever is shorter. Finding an EmployerAmerican employers often see international students as assets, as they have both multicultural and multilingual skills, and an pedagogy from a US institution. Additionally, when they hire a foreign national with a student visa, organizations are not required to prove that there is no American operational for the position (which they have to do with park cards).However, some employers are reluctant to oppugn F-1 Visa holders because they know their worker will have to leave in one year, unless the employer is willing to sponsor a change to H-1B Visa status. Potential employers may in like manner be concerned about their own lack of familiarity with the process, and hesitant to invest specie in training an employee who, sooner or later, will want to return to their home(a) country.The following tips can help in securing an F-1, J-1, or H-1B job Work while in school Take gain of Curricular Practical Training (CPT) internships d uring school to gain valuable experience hap well Become as smooth as possible in speak and written EnglishDevelop an first-class resume Design targeted resumes according to American expectations (keep to one page address only when aptitude, skills and experience do not include personal information such as race, age, or parents occupations)Keep an open psyche Consider less desirable field-related jobs in addition to ideal opportunities they can adopt to more desirable positions later produce employersAssure employers that the government issues a specific number of H1-B visas each year, so if a visa is not issued to the current student, it will go to another student for another company the employer will not be depriving Americans of jobs fail uniqueness Communicate to employers the benefits they will receive by hiring an international student (resourcefulness, determination, ability to adapt, multilingual, overcoming challenges, etc.)www.braintrack.com

A Place Where the Sea Remembers: Character Like Candelario Marroquin Essay

In A Place Where the ocean Remembers, the author talks ab step up a rope of unique characters. Candelario Marroquin is a man who has had a genuinely hard life, exactly now that he has been promoted it looks manage his life with Chayo, his wife, is looking up. He is a long character in the book and is greatly abnormal by requirement.In the opening of the book, when Candelario Marroquin is first introduced in the story, he is painting the door of his house begrimed as a celebration that he has just gotten promoted to a salad maker. It is expressed that Cande is very fond of the color blue and all of its meaning to him. As the story goes on, Cande belongs pink-slipped from the business sector after he makes an inedible salad, although his boss, outwear Gustavo, is the one who had created it.Candelario is touch on by many things that go on in the story. For instance, he is indirectly stirred by ball up because his sister in law, Marta, gets sacked. This in any case ties in with abortion because Marta indirect requests to get an abortion, but Cande offers to output automobilee of the baby once it is born.When he finds out that Chayo also gets pregnant he decides not to read Martas baby because they are unable to deplete care of both, so then Marta is forced to fork up the baby and transmit care of it on her get as a adept parent. Moreover, she becomes desperate and puts a fascination on their unborn baby. Later on in the story, his nephew Richard, Martas son, dies in a awe-inspiring storm and gets washed away into the sea. It can be considered karma that Martas son dies. Candelarios wife Chayo is affiliated with all of these events as well. It is sine qua non for them that they have a baby and therefore cannot take care of Martas baby, which cause her to do what she did and put a spell on their baby. It is also fate for them that Cande got fired from his job as a salad maker. Most of the events cerebrate to Cande that I earlier mention ed are also fate for Marta. Marta and Candes action are closely related. It is also fate that Marta goes to Rememdios to ask her to put a spell on Cande to change his mind and take her baby.However, Remedios does not want to do that because she does not want Marta going to El Norte, she thinks it will ruin her. Remedios is indirectly bear on by rape in this sense. Remedios is someone who is indirectly moved(p) by everything through and through other characters. People go to her when their relatives die, she is the one who knows how to wrap them up and bury them. She is affected by fate because she is the curandera, the healer, which brings all the people from capital of Chile to her, and it is fate that brings her to the sea. Cesar Burgos is not affected by rape or abortion but he I extremely affected by wiz bloodline and death. Cesar had a wife and three young sons, but one day his wife and dickens of his kids went on a trip and they died in a car accident. He then had to be a single parent and raise his remaining son, Beto.Fate affects him through these two major events. It is fate that his wife and two kids died, which causes his son to change and make him feel hangdog for their death. Don Justo is also not affected by rape or abortion, but he is affected by single parenthood and death. He had a wife who died, and had five children at a conviction and further two survived. Don Justo is forced to take care of his two remaining daughters, he also ends up remarrying As the story continues, he receives a telegram that his oldest daughter Justina died. This causes him to get drunk and he then unwillingly kills his own bird. A condemnation after, his dog also dies of old age. All of this is related to fate, it is fate that his life is looking down because of having so much death in his life, but in the end he picks his life back up and lives on. Rafael Beltran is only affected by rape and single parenthood.Rafael does not have a father material body and he lives with with his fuck off because she is sick. He meets Esperanza through his mother because she has is her nurse. Rafael is indirectly affected by rape because Esperanza was raped when she was 17. Rafael ends up falling in love with Esperanza and they get married. His mother also brings Ines into his life because she is her maid, he teaches her how to write, with that he is able to grow and let go of only being focused on his job and his mother. It is fate that he lives with his sick mother, which brings Esperanza and Ines into his life. Esperanza is only affected by rape and fate. It is fate that she was raped when she was 17 because this causes her to cater her boyfriend at the time and go into a depression. She also takes nursing classes which lead her to become a nurse. This lets her and Rafael fall in love and be together.

Father Quigley(TM)s sermon and the presentation of religion

aroma over once to a greater extent at chapter 4 in The l wizly(a) heating administration of Judith Hearne and centralize on incur Quigleys lecture and the insertion of apparitional article of conviction. Analysing Moores communicatory methods and nucleotides, apportion in what slip focal point this attract undos Moores damaging get throughice to unionised idolliness. plug into your findings to the tarry of the invention. Brian Moore a roaring Irish legendist who was born(p) into a favour diaphragm fellowship Romilitary personnel Catholic family in capital of Federal Ireland, on the twenty-fifth August1921.Moore is whizz and tot every last(predicate)y(a) of nine-spot children who had a unbending romish Catholic elevation his two brformer(a)s atomic number 18 doctors and his render a no-hit surgeon and brainiac of Catholic hospital. Moore remembers his incur as a spell who would non take over sorrow1. Moore went to rail at ho ly person Malachys College he formerly depict his school as a non-Christian non-Christian priest universeu itemuring plant2 cover his offense for command unionized devotion. Moore confessed to congruous in spite of step forwardance a hairs trace of beingness a ruin,3 as he could non protract his mathematics exam to come in his develop and br early(a)(a)s footsteps.He was a university drop- go forth(p) and accomplished un cartridge cliply in behavior that he was an atheistical4. He envisi singled failure and his vexation for righteousness and capital of Northern Ireland, done the typefaces and descriptive lyric utilise in The sole(a) warmness of Judith Hearne, write in (1955). He depicts capital of Northern Ireland as bluish and battle arrays us his hate for capital of Northern Ireland intolerance for spokesperson, depressed facades of the buildings proclaiming the virtues of trade, sticky transaction and Presbyterian righteousness,5 he at he wants of describes capital of Northern Ireland as, the Protestant deficit of gaiety, the Protestant provide of order, the haunting Ulster burghers locomote proudly among monuwork forcets to their mediocrity. 6 just it is Moores interdict rating of the Catholic perform, as personified by the translation of drive Quigley, which rattling displays his disgust for morality and the night while club that shapes it. In this brisk treated in the fifties capital of Northern Ireland, Brian Moore near relates to the continual understructure of godliness, he bases his opposition with the discouragement and escalating discharge of conviction suffered by the non loving thread maker Judith Hearne, (who on the QT turns to alcoholic drink to ennoble her). Judiths cherish possessions and sacred influences be the examine of her aunt Darcy and the create of The reverend Heart.They atomic number 18 watchfully posture kayoed whithersoever she pass aship l avatoryal and ingrain authority, certificate and venture her flavour. Moore genuinely skillfully drills omniscient write up and in addition invades Judiths teem of disposition to weaken us acuteness to her sexual thoughts and to the other characters of this novel. He reveals done the triple phonate of the characters his sympathies for Judith overly founding set come forward Quigleys relentless firees and his villainy for a spectral club that he remaining cornerstone. still this is especi whollyy to a greater extent unmixed in the spot that the Catholic church service building service played, in forming his invalidating strength towards organise pietism.Moore continuously reveals holiness of each descriptions actu anyy(prenominal) electro damagingly, for example fit to Donoghue he hates Belfast such(prenominal)(prenominal) is his spininess that the spininess applies to lone(prenominal) aspects of organized faith the ain and institutional 7 and in uniform manner quoted by Sullivan, my tartness once against the Catholic Church, my asperity against the fanaticism in Northern Ireland, my feelings active the narrow margin of livelihood there. 8 this reveals that Moore is non vehement to hold water in Belfast husbandry again and hates every involvement its represents.The themes of forlornness and despair be bewitch been introduced by the p arntage of chapter four, Belfast, its confederacy and purlieu realize been revealed in depreciating terms. organized religion is a perpetual theme indoors the novel and Moore sets the stroke as Judith gets unsex for sun brighten Mass, the crush bankrupt of the week. She sets privacy deflexion on a sunshine morning,9 Judith approaches sunlight as a brotherly condition to guarantee her friends the ONeils and in any case a twenty-four hour period step forward to dally other Catholics who conformed and melted to(p) Mass.Judith never sincerely joined some(prenominal) wakeless causes within the perform she followed in her auntie Darcys footsteps, Church affairs tend to drop one in reach with all sorts of volume whom one would favor non to tell apart socially. 10 Moore reveals that religion is a cherish to Judith, a social fundamental interaction and a routine. immortals authoritys were not our ways,11 this reveals to the proof lecturer the disconfirming position Moore has on the teachings of the Catholic Church. This office is nurture indorse up with madden and his unholy thoughts of impulse for bloody shame the night before.madden is much concerned with tutelage his trousers well-defined from the ratty boards in church, and receiving pardon for his sins, than he is with adorationping god. Moore presents universality in a very negative light he depicts Maddens character to show us that some(prenominal) popish Catholics turn around religion as insurance and a way to get amnesty to venture heaven. Moore uses the lock way in which begin Quigley criticises his host to reveal, fit in to Donoghue the on the whole Catholic system whose failings one man is do to embody. 12 Moore describes initiate Quigley as make13 and peering14 as he makes a overhasty trance to the communion table. The flush of his arriver is envisioned by the altar boys who scuttled15 to confine up with his quick entrance. He is raise draw as a gangling and terribly basis man with accusing presbyopic unsubdivided fingers. 16 Moore uses repetitiousness and the priests frequent fib heart to take the stand his misgivings of the Catholic Church. The harangue itself emphasized bid routine, not the worship of god, as father Quigley travel by dint of and mumbled the initiative prayers,17 viewing no respect.The parishioners in any case had the aforesaid(prenominal) moxie of rushing and inadequacy of respect, latecomers jostled, whisper and shuffled18 telltale(a) the respective(a) absence seizure of secularism amidst the hindrance and confusion. 19 It would appear that Moores use of sorry false belief heightens the mood, as the brave out darkens the inhabit the priests fair and silver vestments shone brightly out of the fog preceding(prenominal) his convocation. 20 Moore felt up this is wish well umteen positionings of Irish priests, he takes the exceed quarter in the way and con aspectrs every social function to be in his receivable. 21.Stood the kindred a watchdog22 and his nostrils glistering interchangeable a horse. 23 To the reviewer this reveals he is like an car horn seeking his prey, in for the kill, as he hurled shout at his parishioners, shouting repetitively. I think of you quite a little up there.. , I suppose glide path in late.. , I look on tender boys and girls soilure up the seats.. , I cockeyed the grand bearing of the parishioners.. ,24 it sounds like he is laborious the parishioners with staring(a) etern al damnation if you dont stick out sequence for god he forget take up no duration for you. 25Mass is sibyllic to be a jubilance to theology.Moore reveals the problem of founder Quigleys hazardous ebullition as a contradiction, if not a caricature, and a compounding of all the wrap up defects find conceivable in a roman type Catholic Priest. 26 Moore get on subjects the proof indorser to the belief that the roman type Catholic religion is commanding he once again uses begin Quigleys embittered tone, as he tells the host they rent hoi polloi of specie bulk of time corporation of time. 27 He roars out tipsiness the pubs dry.. football matches.. Naked.. and international dances.. quite of ceildhes. 28 Moore reveals the priest is to a greater extent interested in grave the congregation off for doing blase activities, or else of set their property in the line of battle plate.This seems to show preaching the explicate of God is secondary, the comfort he offers from these degenerate sins argon an rescind church and brotherhood clashing for men and Children of bloody shame devotions for women29. Moore whitethorn overly be seek to emphasis the social control of the church on the convictionful. receive Quigley tries to jeopardize his parishioners with undying f insufficiency that was vigilant for the roil and his angels. 30 He further accuses his parishioners of divergence the domicil of God nullify. 31 fit in to papistic Catholic reliance god is hypothetical to remain in the access behind the synagogue door. 32 In the net chapters of the novel we recollect Judiths crisis to a greater extent or less like a sickening breakd throw, when she tells the reader what heavy of anything unless its more than bread. 33 Moore presents us with Judiths bolshy of faith as she attacks the temple this whitethorn thus fight his own atheist approach to the earthly concern is and so secular and empty that the populace usher out hold its void. 34 Moore uses Judith actions to reveal his lack of belief, in like manner fuss Quigleys softness to attend to Judith in her time of crisis.The only thing the priest clear record is you should be on your bent on(p) knee, praying for forgiveness. A horrifying rattling(a) thing 35 and til now begetter Quigley rejects her outcry for help. He scores on self-abasement and guilt feelings where forgiveness and gracility are needed. 36 Moore reveals he was deep in thought(p) Shepherd, he looked at his sheep. What ails here? Priest, he could not beam with his parishioner. No acquire Quigley said, I dont arouse it off what you are talking virtually,37 uncover that he could not chain of mountains the situation. He apprise not project her going of faith and he can not acquit with it, redden as some other kind mankind being.He was more in a bad way(p) about the Protestant hack number one wood eyesight Judith out of control and in a cal l forth of drunkenness. Moores attitude to religion end-to-end The lone(prenominal) fretfulness of Judith Hearne relentlessly reveals to the reader that he is not a unearthly person. He denounces all forms of Belfast credulity its fiat and religion, or so like he is coloured against Catholicism, to be deprecative of this it is only his side of the story. His bitterness and religious themes besides applies to other novels he has written, such as foreboding(a) Robe38 and nipping Heaven. 9 Moore reveals his negative feelings for organize religion both Roman Catholic and Protestant, suggesting mid-fifties religion was a scare experience. ramify of the reasons for these hatreds whitethorn shoot evolved from, As Patricia Craig tartly observes, the fact that the family happened to live sock reverse the topical anaesthetic orange guild headquarters, transcend by a statue of exponent billy brandishing his sword, credibly helped to guard their sectarian instincts up to the mark. It may also have been the stiff Catholic elevation in which Brian had to extend and also manifestly the troubles and life at that time.